{"id":"an4.192","title":"Facts","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"an4.192","title":"Facts","units":[{"id":"an4.192:0","sourceIds":["an4.192:0.1","an4.192:0.2","an4.192:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Aṅguttara Nikāya 4.192\n20. Mahāvagga\nṬhānasutta","en":"Numbered Discourses 4.192\n20. The Great Chapter\nFacts"}},{"id":"an4.192:1","sourceIds":["an4.192:1.1","an4.192:1.2","an4.192:1.3","an4.192:1.4","an4.192:1.5","an4.192:1.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, ṭhānāni catūhi ṭhānehi veditabbāni.\nKatamāni cattāri?\nSaṁvāsena, bhikkhave, sīlaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena.\nSaṁvohārena, bhikkhave, soceyyaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena.\nĀpadāsu, bhikkhave, thāmo veditabbo, so ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena.\nSākacchāya, bhikkhave, paññā veditabbā, sā ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenāti.","en":"“Mendicants, these four things can be known in four situations.\nWhat four?\nYou can get to know a person’s ethics by living with them. But only after a long time, not casually; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless.\nYou can get to know a person’s purity by dealing with them. …\nYou can get to know a person’s resilience in times of trouble. …\nYou can get to know a person’s wisdom by discussion. But only after a long time, not casually; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless."}},{"id":"an4.192:2","sourceIds":["an4.192:2.1","an4.192:2.2","an4.192:2.3","an4.192:2.4","an4.192:2.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Saṁvāsena, bhikkhave, sīlaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti,\niti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ. Kiñcetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?\nIdha, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ saṁvasamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘dīgharattaṁ kho ayamāyasmā khaṇḍakārī chiddakārī sabalakārī kammāsakārī, na santatakārī na santatavutti;\nsīlesu dussīlo ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā sīlavā’ti.","en":"‘You can get to know a person’s ethics by living with them. But only after a long time, not casually; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless.’\nThat’s what I said, but why did I say it?\nTake an individual who’s living with someone else. They come to know:\n‘For a long time this venerable’s deeds have been broken, tainted, spotty, and marred. Their deeds and behavior are inconsistent.\nThis venerable is unethical, not ethical.’"}},{"id":"an4.192:3","sourceIds":["an4.192:3.1","an4.192:3.2","an4.192:3.3","an4.192:3.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Idha pana, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ saṁvasamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘dīgharattaṁ kho ayamāyasmā akhaṇḍakārī acchiddakārī asabalakārī akammāsakārī santatakārī santatavutti;\nsīlesu sīlavā ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā dussīlo’ti.\n‘Saṁvāsena, bhikkhave, sīlaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti, iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ idametaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.","en":"Take another individual who’s living with someone else. They come to know:\n‘For a long time this venerable’s deeds have been intact, impeccable, spotless, and unmarred. Their deeds and behavior are consistent.\nThis venerable is ethical, not unethical.’\nThat’s why I said that you can get to know a person’s ethics by living with them. But only after a long time, not a short time; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless."}},{"id":"an4.192:4","sourceIds":["an4.192:4.1","an4.192:4.2","an4.192:4.3","an4.192:4.4","an4.192:4.5","an4.192:4.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Saṁvohārena, bhikkhave, soceyyaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti,\niti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ. Kiñcetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?\nIdha, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ saṁvoharamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘aññathā kho ayamāyasmā ekena eko voharati, aññathā dvīhi, aññathā tīhi, aññathā sambahulehi;\nvokkamati ayamāyasmā purimavohārā pacchimavohāraṁ;\naparisuddhavohāro ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā parisuddhavohāro’ti.","en":"‘You can get to know a person’s purity by dealing with them. …’\nThat’s what I said, but why did I say it?\nTake an individual who has dealings with someone else. They come to know:\n‘This venerable deals with one person in one way. Then they deal with two, three, or many people each in different ways.\nThey’re not consistent from one deal to the next.\nThis venerable’s dealings are impure, not pure.’"}},{"id":"an4.192:5","sourceIds":["an4.192:5.1","an4.192:5.2","an4.192:5.3","an4.192:5.4","an4.192:5.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Idha pana, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ saṁvoharamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘yatheva kho ayamāyasmā ekena eko voharati, tathā dvīhi, tathā tīhi, tathā sambahulehi.\nNāyamāyasmā vokkamati purimavohārā pacchimavohāraṁ;\nparisuddhavohāro ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā aparisuddhavohāro’ti.\n‘Saṁvohārena, bhikkhave, soceyyaṁ veditabbaṁ, tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti, iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ idametaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.","en":"Take another individual who has dealings with someone else. They come to know:\n‘This venerable deals with one person in one way. Then they deal with two, three, or many people each in the same way.\nThey’re consistent from one deal to the next.\nThis venerable’s dealings are pure, not impure.’\nThat’s why I said that you can get to know a person’s purity by dealing with them. …"}},{"id":"an4.192:6","sourceIds":["an4.192:6.1","an4.192:6.2","an4.192:6.3","an4.192:6.4","an4.192:6.5","an4.192:6.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Āpadāsu, bhikkhave, thāmo veditabbo, so ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti,\niti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ. Kiñcetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?\nIdha, bhikkhave, ekacco ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno, bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno, rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno na iti paṭisañcikkhati:\n‘tathābhūto kho ayaṁ lokasannivāso tathābhūto ayaṁ attabhāvapaṭilābho yathābhūte lokasannivāse yathābhūte attabhāvapaṭilābhe aṭṭha lokadhammā lokaṁ anuparivattanti loko ca aṭṭha lokadhamme anuparivattati—\nlābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṁsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañcā’ti.\nSo ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṁ kandati, sammohaṁ āpajjati.","en":"‘You can get to know a person’s resilience in times of trouble. …’\nThat’s what I said, but why did I say it?\nTake someone who experiences loss of family, wealth, or health. But they don’t reflect:\n‘Worldly life is like that. Incarnation is like that. That’s why the eight worldly conditions revolve around the world, and the world revolves around the eight worldly conditions:\ngain and loss, fame and disgrace, blame and praise, pleasure and pain.’\nThey sorrow and wail and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion."}},{"id":"an4.192:7","sourceIds":["an4.192:7.1","an4.192:7.2","an4.192:7.3","an4.192:7.4","an4.192:7.5","an4.192:7.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno iti paṭisañcikkhati:\n‘tathābhūto kho ayaṁ lokasannivāso tathābhūto ayaṁ attabhāvapaṭilābho yathābhūte lokasannivāse yathābhūte attabhāvapaṭilābhe aṭṭha lokadhammā lokaṁ anuparivattanti loko ca aṭṭha lokadhamme anuparivattati—\nlābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṁsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañcā’ti.\nSo ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭho samāno na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṁ kandati, na sammohaṁ āpajjati.\n‘Āpadāsu, bhikkhave, thāmo veditabbo, so ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti,\niti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ idametaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.","en":"Take someone else who experiences loss of family, wealth, or health. But they reflect:\n‘Worldly life is like that. Incarnation is like that. That’s why the eight worldly conditions revolve around the world, and the world revolves around the eight worldly conditions:\ngain and loss, fame and disgrace, blame and praise, pleasure and pain.’\nThey don’t sorrow or wail or lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion.\nThat’s why I said that you can get to know a person’s resilience in times of trouble. …"}},{"id":"an4.192:8","sourceIds":["an4.192:8.1","an4.192:8.2","an4.192:8.3","an4.192:8.4","an4.192:8.5","an4.192:8.6","an4.192:8.7","an4.192:8.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Sākacchāya, bhikkhave, paññā veditabbā, sā ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti,\niti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ. Kiñcetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?\nIdha, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ sākacchāyamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘yathā kho imassa āyasmato ummaggo yathā ca abhinīhāro yathā ca pañhāsamudāhāro, duppañño ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā paññavā.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nTathā hi ayamāyasmā na ceva gambhīraṁ atthapadaṁ udāharati santaṁ paṇītaṁ atakkāvacaraṁ nipuṇaṁ paṇḍitavedanīyaṁ.\nYañca ayamāyasmā dhammaṁ bhāsati tassa ca nappaṭibalo saṅkhittena vā vitthārena vā atthaṁ ācikkhituṁ desetuṁ paññāpetuṁ paṭṭhapetuṁ vivarituṁ vibhajituṁ uttānīkātuṁ.\nDuppañño ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā paññavā’ti.","en":"‘You can get to know a person’s wisdom by discussion. But only after a long time, not casually; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless.’\nThat’s what I said, but why did I say it?\nTake an individual who is discussing with someone else. They come to know:\n‘Judging by this venerable’s approach, by what they’re getting at, and by how they discuss a question, they’re witless, not wise.\nWhy is that?\nThis venerable does not bring up a deep and meaningful saying that is peaceful, sublime, beyond the scope of logic, subtle, comprehensible to the astute.\nWhen this venerable speaks on Dhamma they’re not able to explain the meaning, either briefly or in detail. They can’t teach it, assert it, establish it, clarify it, analyze it, or reveal it.\nThis venerable is witless, not wise.’"}},{"id":"an4.192:9","sourceIds":["an4.192:9.1","an4.192:9.2","an4.192:9.3","an4.192:9.4","an4.192:9.5","an4.192:9.6","an4.192:9.7","an4.192:9.8","an4.192:9.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, cakkhumā puriso udakarahadassa tīre ṭhito passeyya parittaṁ macchaṁ ummujjamānaṁ.\nTassa evamassa:\n‘yathā kho imassa macchassa ummaggo yathā ca ūmighāto yathā ca vegāyitattaṁ, paritto ayaṁ maccho, nāyaṁ maccho mahanto’ti.\nEvamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ sākacchāyamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘yathā kho imassa āyasmato ummaggo yathā ca abhinīhāro yathā ca pañhāsamudāhāro, duppañño ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā paññavā.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nTathā hi ayamāyasmā na ceva gambhīraṁ atthapadaṁ udāharati santaṁ paṇītaṁ atakkāvacaraṁ nipuṇaṁ paṇḍitavedanīyaṁ.\nYañca ayamāyasmā dhammaṁ bhāsati, tassa ca na paṭibalo saṅkhittena vā vitthārena vā atthaṁ ācikkhituṁ desetuṁ paññāpetuṁ paṭṭhapetuṁ vivarituṁ vibhajituṁ uttānīkātuṁ.\nDuppañño ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā paññavā’ti.","en":"Suppose a person with clear eyes was standing on the bank of a lake. They’d see a little fish rising,\nand think:\n‘Judging by this fish’s approach, by the ripples it makes, and by its force, it’s a little fish, not a big one.’\nIn the same way, an individual who is discussing with someone else would come to know:\n‘Judging by this venerable’s approach, by what they’re getting at, and by how they discuss a question, they’re witless, not wise. …’"}},{"id":"an4.192:10","sourceIds":["an4.192:10.1","an4.192:10.2","an4.192:10.3","an4.192:10.4","an4.192:10.5","an4.192:10.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Idha pana, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ sākacchāyamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘yathā kho imassa āyasmato ummaggo yathā ca abhinīhāro yathā ca pañhāsamudāhāro, paññavā ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā duppañño.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nTathā hi ayamāyasmā gambhīrañceva atthapadaṁ udāharati santaṁ paṇītaṁ atakkāvacaraṁ nipuṇaṁ paṇḍitavedanīyaṁ.\nYañca ayamāyasmā dhammaṁ bhāsati, tassa ca paṭibalo saṅkhittena vā vitthārena vā atthaṁ ācikkhituṁ desetuṁ paññāpetuṁ paṭṭhapetuṁ vivarituṁ vibhajituṁ uttānīkātuṁ.\nPaññavā ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā duppañño’ti.","en":"Take another individual who is discussing with someone else. They come to know:\n‘Judging by this venerable’s approach, by what they’re getting at, and by how they discuss a question, they’re wise, not witless.\nWhy is that?\nThis venerable brings up a deep and meaningful saying that is peaceful, sublime, beyond the scope of logic, subtle, comprehensible to the astute.\nWhen this venerable speaks on Dhamma they’re able to explain the meaning, either briefly or in detail. They teach it, assert it, establish it, clarify it, analyze it, and reveal it.\nThis venerable is wise, not witless.’"}},{"id":"an4.192:11","sourceIds":["an4.192:11.1","an4.192:11.2","an4.192:11.3","an4.192:11.4","an4.192:11.5","an4.192:11.6","an4.192:11.7","an4.192:11.8","an4.192:11.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, cakkhumā puriso udakarahadassa tīre ṭhito passeyya mahantaṁ macchaṁ ummujjamānaṁ.\nTassa evamassa:\n‘yathā kho imassa macchassa ummaggo yathā ca ūmighāto yathā ca vegāyitattaṁ, mahanto ayaṁ maccho, nāyaṁ maccho paritto’ti.\nEvamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo puggalena saddhiṁ sākacchāyamāno evaṁ jānāti:\n‘yathā kho imassa āyasmato ummaggo yathā ca abhinīhāro yathā ca pañhāsamudāhāro, paññavā ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā duppañño.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nTathā hi ayamāyasmā gambhīrañceva atthapadaṁ udāharati santaṁ paṇītaṁ atakkāvacaraṁ nipuṇaṁ paṇḍitavedanīyaṁ.\nYañca ayamāyasmā dhammaṁ bhāsati, tassa ca paṭibalo saṅkhittena vā vitthārena vā atthaṁ ācikkhituṁ desetuṁ paññāpetuṁ paṭṭhapetuṁ vivarituṁ vibhajituṁ uttānīkātuṁ.\nPaññavā ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā duppañño’ti.","en":"Suppose a man with clear eyes was standing on the bank of a lake. He’d see a big fish rising,\nand think:\n‘Judging by this fish’s approach, by the ripples it makes, and by its force, it’s a big fish, not a little one.’\nIn the same way, an individual who is discussing with someone else would come to know:\n‘Judging by this venerable’s approach, by what they’re getting at, and by how they articulate a question, they’re wise, not witless. …’"}},{"id":"an4.192:12","sourceIds":["an4.192:12.1","an4.192:12.2","an4.192:12.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Sākacchāya, bhikkhave, paññā veditabbā, sā ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṁ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’ti, iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ idametaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.\nImāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ṭhānāni imehi catūhi ṭhānehi veditabbānī”ti.\nDutiyaṁ.","en":"That’s why I said that you can get to know a person’s wisdom by discussion. But only after a long time, not casually; only when attentive, not when inattentive; and only by the wise, not the witless.\nThese are the four things that can be known in four situations.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/an4.192/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}