{"id":"dn19","title":"The Great Steward","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"dn19","title":"The Great Steward","units":[{"id":"dn19:0","sourceIds":["dn19:0.1","dn19:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dīgha Nikāya 19\nMahāgovindasutta","en":"Long Discourses 19\nThe Great Steward"}},{"id":"dn19:1","sourceIds":["dn19:1.1","dn19:1.2","dn19:1.3","dn19:1.4","dn19:1.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate.\nAtha kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṁ gijjhakūṭaṁ pabbataṁ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“yaṁ kho me, bhante, devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sammukhā sutaṁ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṁ, ārocemi taṁ bhagavato”ti.\n“Ārocehi me tvaṁ, pañcasikhā”ti bhagavā avoca.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain.\nThen, late at night, the centaur Pañcasikha, lighting up the entire Vulture’s Peak, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him,\n“Sir, I would tell you of what I heard and learned directly from the gods of the thirty-three.”\n“Tell me, Pañcasikha,” said the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:2","sourceIds":["dn19:2.0","dn19:2.1","dn19:2.2","dn19:2.3","dn19:2.4","dn19:2.5","dn19:2.6","dn19:2.7","dn19:2.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"1. Devasabhā\n“Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā;\nmahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti;\npuratthimāya disāya dhataraṭṭho mahārājā pacchimābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā;\ndakkhiṇāya disāya virūḷhako mahārājā uttarābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā;\npacchimāya disāya virūpakkho mahārājā puratthābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā;\nuttarāya disāya vessavaṇo mahārājā dakkhiṇābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā.\nYadā, bhante, kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti, idaṁ nesaṁ hoti āsanasmiṁ;\natha pacchā amhākaṁ āsanaṁ hoti.","en":"1. The Council of the Gods\n“Sir, it was more than a few days ago—on the fifteenth day sabbath on the full moon day at the invitation to admonish held at the end of the rainy season—when all the gods of the thirty-three were sitting together in the Hall of Clear Right.\nA large assembly of gods was sitting all around, and the four great kings were seated at the four quarters.\nThe Great King Dhataraṭṭha was seated to the east, facing west, in front of his gods.\nThe Great King Virūḷhaka was seated to the south, facing north, in front of his gods.\nThe Great King Virūpakkha was seated to the west, facing east, in front of his gods.\nThe Great King Vessavaṇa was seated to the north, facing south, in front of his gods.\nWhen the gods of the thirty-three have a gathering like this, that is how they are seated.\nAfter that come our seats."}},{"id":"dn19:3","sourceIds":["dn19:3.1","dn19:3.2","dn19:3.3","dn19:3.4","dn19:3.5","dn19:3.6","dn19:3.7","dn19:3.8","dn19:3.9","dn19:3.10","dn19:3.11","dn19:3.12","dn19:3.13","dn19:3.14","dn19:3.15","dn19:3.16","dn19:3.17","dn19:3.18","dn19:3.19","dn19:3.20","dn19:3.21","dn19:3.22"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye te, bhante, devā bhagavati brahmacariyaṁ caritvā adhunūpapannā tāvatiṁsakāyaṁ, te aññe deve atirocanti vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca.\nTena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā;\n‘dibbā vata bho kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.\nAtha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi:\n‘Modanti vata bho devā,\ntāvatiṁsā sahindakā;\nTathāgataṁ namassantā,\ndhammassa ca sudhammataṁ.\nNave deve ca passantā,\nvaṇṇavante yasassine;\nSugatasmiṁ brahmacariyaṁ,\ncaritvāna idhāgate.\nTe aññe atirocanti,\nvaṇṇena yasasāyunā;\nSāvakā bhūripaññassa,\nvisesūpagatā idha.\nIdaṁ disvāna nandanti,\ntāvatiṁsā sahindakā;\nTathāgataṁ namassantā,\ndhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.\nTena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā;\n‘dibbā vata bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.","en":"Sir, those gods who had been recently reborn in the company of the thirty-three after leading the spiritual life under the Buddha outshine the other gods in beauty and glory.\nThe gods of the thirty-three became uplifted and overjoyed at that, full of rapture and happiness, saying,\n‘The heavenly hosts swell, while the titan hosts dwindle!’\nSeeing the joy of those gods, Sakka, lord of gods, celebrated with these verses:\n‘The gods rejoice—\nthe thirty-three with their Lord—\nrevering the Realized One,\nand the clear rightness of the teaching;\nand seeing the new gods,\nso beautiful and glorious,\nwho have come here after leading\nthe spiritual life under the Buddha!\nThey outshine the others\nin beauty, glory, and lifespan.\nHere are the distinguished disciples\nof he whose wisdom is vast.\nSeeing this, they delight—\nthe thirty-three with their Lord—\nrevering the Realized One,\nand the clear rightness of the teaching!’\nThe gods of the thirty-three became even more uplifted and overjoyed at that, full of rapture and happiness, saying,\n‘The heavenly hosts swell, while the titan hosts dwindle!’"}},{"id":"dn19:4","sourceIds":["dn19:4.0","dn19:4.1","dn19:4.2","dn19:4.3","dn19:4.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"2. Aṭṭhayathābhuccavaṇṇa\nAtha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi:\n‘iccheyyātha no tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti?\n‘Icchāma mayaṁ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti.\nAtha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi:","en":"2. Eight Genuine Praises\nSeeing the joy of those gods, Sakka, lord of gods, addressed them,\n‘Gentlemen, would you like to hear eight genuine praises of the Buddha?’\n‘Indeed we would, sir.’\nThen Sakka proffered these eight genuine praises of the Buddha:"}},{"id":"dn19:5","sourceIds":["dn19:5.1","dn19:5.2","dn19:5.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṁsā?\nYāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ.\nEvaṁ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṁ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"‘What do the good gods of the thirty-three think?\nHow the Buddha has acted for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who has such sympathy for the world, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:6","sourceIds":["dn19:6.1","dn19:6.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhi.\nEvaṁ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, the Buddha has explained the teaching well—apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know it for themselves.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who explains such a relevant teaching, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:7","sourceIds":["dn19:7.1","dn19:7.2","dn19:7.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Idaṁ kusalan”ti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ akusalan”ti supaññattaṁ.\n“Idaṁ sāvajjaṁ idaṁ anavajjaṁ, idaṁ sevitabbaṁ idaṁ na sevitabbaṁ, idaṁ hīnaṁ idaṁ paṇītaṁ, idaṁ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan”ti supaññattaṁ.\nEvaṁ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṁ dhammānaṁ paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, the Buddha has well described what is skillful and what is unskillful,\nwhat is blameworthy and what is blameless, what should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated, what is inferior and what is superior, and what has a portion of dark or bright.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so clearly describes all these things, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:8","sourceIds":["dn19:8.1","dn19:8.2","dn19:8.3","dn19:8.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca.\nSeyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṁ yamunodakena saṁsandati sameti;\nevameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca.\nEvaṁ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, the Buddha has well described the practice that leads to extinguishment for his disciples. And extinguishment converges with the practice,\nas the waters of the Ganges join together and converge with the waters of the Yamunā.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so clearly describes the practice that leads to extinguishment for his disciples, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:9","sourceIds":["dn19:9.1","dn19:9.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti, vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṁ āhāreti.\nEvaṁ vigatamadaṁ āhāraṁ āharayamānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, possessions and popularity have accrued to the Buddha, so much that you’d think it would thrill even the aristocrats. But he takes his food free of vanity.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who takes their food so free of vanity, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:10","sourceIds":["dn19:10.1","dn19:10.2","dn19:10.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṁ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṁ.\nTe bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṁ anuyutto viharati.\nEvaṁ ekārāmataṁ anuyuttaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, the Buddha has gained companions, both trainees who are practicing, and those with defilements ended who have completed their journey.\nThe Buddha is committed to the joy of solitude, but doesn’t send them away.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, so committed to the joy of solitude, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:11","sourceIds":["dn19:11.1","dn19:11.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī.\nEvaṁ dhammānudhammappaṭipannaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.","en":"Also, the Buddha does as he says, and says as he does, thus: he does as he says, and says as he does.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so practices in line with the teaching, apart from the Buddha."}},{"id":"dn19:12","sourceIds":["dn19:12.1","dn19:12.2","dn19:12.3","dn19:12.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṅkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ.\nEvaṁ tiṇṇavicikicchaṁ vigatakathaṅkathaṁ pariyositasaṅkappaṁ ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.\nIme kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.\nTena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā.","en":"Also, the Buddha has gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision. He has achieved all he wished for regarding the fundamental goal of the spiritual life.\nI don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who has achieved these things, apart from the Buddha.’\nThese are the eight genuine praises of the Buddha proffered by Sakka.\nHearing them, the gods of the thirty-three became even more uplifted and overjoyed."}},{"id":"dn19:13","sourceIds":["dn19:13.1","dn19:13.2","dn19:13.3","dn19:13.4","dn19:13.5","dn19:13.6","dn19:13.7","dn19:13.8","dn19:13.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tatra, bhante, ekacce devā evamāhaṁsu:\n‘aho vata, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā.\nTadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.\nEkacce devā evamāhaṁsu:\n‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā.\nTadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.\nEkacce devā evamāhaṁsu:\n‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, dve sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā.\nTadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.","en":"Then some gods thought,\n‘If only four fully awakened Buddhas might arise in the world and teach the Dhamma, just like the Blessed One!\nThat would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’\nOther gods thought,\n‘Let alone four fully awakened Buddhas; if only three fully awakened Buddhas,\nor two fully awakened Buddhas might arise in the world and teach the Dhamma, just like the Blessed One!\nThat would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’"}},{"id":"dn19:14","sourceIds":["dn19:14.1","dn19:14.2","dn19:14.3","dn19:14.4","dn19:14.5","dn19:14.6","dn19:14.7","dn19:14.8","dn19:14.9","dn19:14.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse etadavoca:\n‘aṭṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, mārisā, anavakāso, yaṁ ekissā lokadhātuyā dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṁ acarimaṁ uppajjeyyuṁ, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.\nAho vata, mārisā, so bhagavā appābādho appātaṅko ciraṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ tiṭṭheyya.\nTadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.\nAtha kho, bhante, yenatthena devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, taṁ atthaṁ cintayitvā taṁ atthaṁ mantayitvā vuttavacanāpi taṁ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṁ atthe honti.\nPaccānusiṭṭhavacanāpi taṁ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṁ atthe honti, sakesu sakesu āsanesu ṭhitā avipakkantā.\nTe vuttavākyā rājāno,\npaṭiggayhānusāsaniṁ;\nVippasannamanā santā,\naṭṭhaṁsu samhi āsaneti.","en":"When they said this, Sakka said,\n‘It is impossible, gentlemen, for two perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas to arise in the same solar system at the same time.\nMay that Blessed One be healthy and well, and remain with us for a long time!\nThat would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’\nThen the gods of the thirty-three, having considered and deliberated on the matter for which they were seated together in the Hall of Clear Right, advised and instructed the four great kings on the subject.\nEach one, having been advised, stood at his own seat without leaving.\nThe Kings were instructed,\nand heeded good advice.\nWith clear and peaceful minds,\nthey stood by their own seats."}},{"id":"dn19:15","sourceIds":["dn19:15.1","dn19:15.2","dn19:15.3","dn19:15.4","dn19:15.5","dn19:15.6","dn19:15.7","dn19:15.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bhante, uttarāya disāya uḷāro āloko sañjāyi, obhāso pāturahosi atikkammeva devānaṁ devānubhāvaṁ.\nAtha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi:\n‘yathā kho, mārisā, nimittāni dissanti, uḷāro āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati;\nbrahmuno hetaṁ pubbanimittaṁ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṁ āloko sañjāyati obhāso pātubhavatīti.\nYathā nimittā dissanti,\nbrahmā pātubhavissati;\nBrahmuno hetaṁ nimittaṁ,\nobhāso vipulo mahā’ti.","en":"Then in the northern quarter a magnificent light arose and radiance appeared, surpassing the glory of the gods.\nThen Sakka, lord of gods, addressed the gods of the thirty-three,\n‘As indicated by the signs—light arising and radiance appearing—the Divinity will appear. For this is the harbinger for the appearance of the Divinity, namely light arising and radiance appearing.’\nAs indicated by the signs,\nthe Divinity will appear.\nFor this is the sign of the Divinity:\na light vast and great."}},{"id":"dn19:16","sourceIds":["dn19:16.0","dn19:16.1","dn19:16.2","dn19:16.3","dn19:16.4","dn19:16.5","dn19:16.6","dn19:16.7","dn19:16.8","dn19:16.9","dn19:16.10","dn19:16.11","dn19:16.12","dn19:16.13","dn19:16.14","dn19:16.15"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"3. Sanaṅkumārakathā\nAtha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṁsu:\n‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti.\nCattāropi mahārājāno yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṁsu:\n‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti.\nIdaṁ sutvā devā tāvatiṁsā ekaggā samāpajjiṁsu:\n‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti.\nYadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, oḷārikaṁ attabhāvaṁ abhinimminitvā pātubhavati.\nYo kho pana, bhante, brahmuno pakativaṇṇo, anabhisambhavanīyo so devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ cakkhupathasmiṁ.\nYadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca.\nSeyyathāpi, bhante, so vaṇṇo viggaho mānusaṁ viggahaṁ atirocati;\nevameva kho, bhante, yadā brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca.\nYadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, na tassaṁ parisāyaṁ koci devo abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti.\nSabbeva tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā pallaṅkena nisīdanti:\n‘yassadāni devassa pallaṅkaṁ icchissati brahmā sanaṅkumāro, tassa devassa pallaṅke nisīdissatī’ti.\nYassa kho pana, bhante, devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṁ.","en":"3. On Sanaṅkumāra\nThen the gods of the thirty-three sat in their own seats, saying,\n‘We shall find out what has caused that light, and only when we have realized it shall we go to it.’\nAnd the four great kings did likewise.\nHearing that, the gods of the thirty-three agreed in unison,\n‘We shall find out what has caused that light, and only when we have realized it shall we go to it.’\nWhen the divinity Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the thirty-three, he does so after manifesting in a solid life-form.\nFor a Divinity’s normal appearance is imperceptible in the visual range of the gods of the thirty-three.\nWhen the divinity Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the thirty-three, he outshines the other gods in beauty and glory,\nas a golden statue outshines the human form.\nWhen the divinity Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the thirty-three, not a single god in that assembly greets him by bowing down or rising up or inviting him to a seat.\nThey all sit silently on their couches with their cupped palms raised, thinking,\n‘Now the divinity Sanaṅkumāra will sit on the couch of whatever god he chooses.’\nAnd the god on whose couch the Divinity sits is overjoyed and brimming with happiness,"}},{"id":"dn19:17","sourceIds":["dn19:17.1","dn19:17.2","dn19:17.3","dn19:17.4","dn19:17.5","dn19:17.6","dn19:17.7","dn19:17.8","dn19:17.9","dn19:17.10","dn19:17.11","dn19:17.12","dn19:17.13","dn19:17.14","dn19:17.15","dn19:17.16","dn19:17.17","dn19:17.18","dn19:17.19"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, bhante, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto adhunābhisitto rajjena, uḷāraṁ so labhati vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati somanassapaṭilābhaṁ;\nevameva kho, bhante, yassa devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṁ.\nAtha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā antarahito imāhi gāthāhi anumodi:\n‘Modanti vata bho devā,\ntāvatiṁsā sahindakā;\nTathāgataṁ namassantā,\ndhammassa ca sudhammataṁ.\nNave deve ca passantā,\nvaṇṇavante yasassine;\nSugatasmiṁ brahmacariyaṁ,\ncaritvāna idhāgate.\nTe aññe atirocanti,\nvaṇṇena yasasāyunā;\nSāvakā bhūripaññassa,\nvisesūpagatā idha.\nIdaṁ disvāna nandanti,\ntāvatiṁsā sahindakā;\nTathāgataṁ namassantā,\ndhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.","en":"like a king on the day of his coronation.\nSeeing the joy of those gods, the divinity Sanaṅkumāra celebrated with these verses:\n‘The gods rejoice—\nthe thirty-three with their Lord—\nrevering the Realized One,\nand the clear rightness of the teaching;\nand seeing the new gods,\nso beautiful and glorious,\nwho have come here after leading\nthe spiritual life under the Buddha!\nThey outshine the others\nin beauty, glory, and lifespan.\nHere are the distinguished disciples\nof he whose wisdom is vast.\nSeeing this, they delight—\nthe thirty-three with their Lord—\nrevering the Realized One,\nand the clear rightness of the teaching!’"}},{"id":"dn19:18","sourceIds":["dn19:18.1","dn19:18.2","dn19:18.3","dn19:18.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Imamatthaṁ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhāsittha.\nImamatthaṁ, bhante, brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhāsato aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti vissaṭṭho ca viññeyyo ca mañju ca savanīyo ca bindu ca avisārī ca gambhīro ca ninnādī ca.\nYathāparisaṁ kho pana, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sarena viññāpeti, na cassa bahiddhā parisāya ghoso niccharati.\nYassa kho pana, bhante, evaṁ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti, so vuccati ‘brahmassaro’ti.","en":"That is the topic on which the divinity Sanaṅkumāra spoke.\nAnd while he was speaking on that topic, his voice had eight qualities: it was clear, comprehensible, charming, audible, lucid, undistorted, deep, and resonant.\nHe makes sure his voice is intelligible as far as the assembly goes, but the sound doesn’t extend outside the assembly.\nWhen someone has a voice like this, they’re said to have the voice of the Divinity."}},{"id":"dn19:19","sourceIds":["dn19:19.1","dn19:19.2","dn19:19.3","dn19:19.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ etadavocuṁ:\n‘sādhu, mahābrahme, etadeva mayaṁ saṅkhāya modāma;\natthi ca sakkena devānamindena tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhuccā vaṇṇā bhāsitā;\nte ca mayaṁ saṅkhāya modāmā’ti.","en":"Then the gods of the thirty-three said to the divinity Sanaṅkumāra,\n‘Good, Great Divinity! Having appraised this, we rejoice.\nAnd there are the eight genuine praises of the Buddha spoken by Sakka—\nhaving appraised them, too, we rejoice.’"}},{"id":"dn19:19.5","sourceIds":["dn19:19.5.0"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"4. Aṭṭhayathābhuccavaṇṇa","en":"4. Eight Genuine Praises"}},{"id":"dn19:19-from-dn19-19.6","sourceIds":["dn19:19.6","dn19:19.7","dn19:19.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ etadavoca:\n‘sādhu, devānaminda, mayampi tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe suṇeyyāmā’ti.\n‘Evaṁ, mahābrahme’ti kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.","en":"Then the Divinity said to Sakka,\n‘It would be good, lord of gods, if I could also hear the eight genuine praises of the Buddha.’\nSaying, ‘Yes, Great Divinity,’ Sakka repeated the eight genuine praises for him."}},{"id":"dn19:20","sourceIds":["dn19:20.1","dn19:20.2","dn19:20.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Taṁ kiṁ maññati, bhavaṁ mahābrahmā?\nYāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ.\nEvaṁ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṁ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:21","sourceIds":["dn19:21.1","dn19:21.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhi.\nEvaṁ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:22","sourceIds":["dn19:22.1","dn19:22.2","dn19:22.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Idaṁ kusalan”ti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ akusalan”ti supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ sāvajjaṁ idaṁ anavajjaṁ, idaṁ sevitabbaṁ idaṁ na sevitabbaṁ, idaṁ hīnaṁ idaṁ paṇītaṁ, idaṁ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan”ti supaññattaṁ.\nEvaṁ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṁ dhammānaṁ paññāpetāraṁ.\nImināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:23","sourceIds":["dn19:23.1","dn19:23.2","dn19:23.3","dn19:23.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca.\nSeyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṁ yamunodakena saṁsandati sameti;\nevameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca.\nEvaṁ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:24","sourceIds":["dn19:24.1","dn19:24.2","dn19:24.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti.\nVigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṁ āhāreti.\nEvaṁ vigatamadaṁ āhāraṁ āharayamānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:25","sourceIds":["dn19:25.1","dn19:25.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṁ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṁ, te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṁ anuyutto viharati.\nEvaṁ ekārāmataṁ anuyuttaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:26","sourceIds":["dn19:26.1","dn19:26.2","dn19:26.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī;\niti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī.\nEvaṁ dhammānudhammappaṭippannaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā."}},{"id":"dn19:27","sourceIds":["dn19:27.1","dn19:27.2","dn19:27.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṅkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ.\nEvaṁ tiṇṇavicikicchaṁ vigatakathaṅkathaṁ pariyositasaṅkappaṁ ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ.\nImināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti."}},{"id":"dn19:28","sourceIds":["dn19:28.1","dn19:28.2","dn19:28.3","dn19:28.4","dn19:28.5","dn19:28.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.\nTena sudaṁ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro attamano hoti pamudito pītisomanassajāto bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā.\nAtha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro oḷārikaṁ attabhāvaṁ abhinimminitvā kumāravaṇṇī hutvā pañcasikho devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pāturahosi.\nSo vehāsaṁ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīdi.\nSeyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso supaccatthate vā pallaṅke same vā bhūmibhāge pallaṅkena nisīdeyya;\nevameva kho, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro vehāsaṁ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi:","en":"Hearing them, the divinity Sanaṅkumāra was uplifted and overjoyed, full of rapture and happiness.\nThen the divinity Sanaṅkumāra manifested in a solid life-form, taking on the appearance of the youth Pañcasikha, and appeared to the gods of the thirty-three.\nRising into the air, he sat cross-legged in the sky,\nlike a strong man might sit cross-legged on a well-appointed couch or on level ground.\nThere he addressed the gods of the thirty-three:"}},{"id":"dn19:28.7","sourceIds":["dn19:28.7.0"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"5. Govindabrāhmaṇavatthu","en":"5. The Story of the Steward"}},{"id":"dn19:28-from-dn19-28.8","sourceIds":["dn19:28.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṁsā, yāva dīgharattaṁ mahāpaññova so bhagavā ahosi.","en":"‘What do the gods of the thirty-three think about the extent of the Buddha’s great wisdom?"}},{"id":"dn19:29","sourceIds":["dn19:29.1","dn19:29.2","dn19:29.3","dn19:29.4","dn19:29.5","dn19:29.6","dn19:29.7","dn19:29.8","dn19:29.9","dn19:29.10","dn19:29.11","dn19:29.12","dn19:29.13","dn19:29.14"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Bhūtapubbaṁ, bho, rājā disampati nāma ahosi.\nDisampatissa rañño govindo nāma brāhmaṇo purohito ahosi.\nDisampatissa rañño reṇu nāma kumāro putto ahosi.\nGovindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto ahosi.\nIti reṇu ca rājaputto jotipālo ca māṇavo aññe ca cha khattiyā iccete aṭṭha sahāyā ahesuṁ.\nAtha kho, bho, ahorattānaṁ accayena govindo brāhmaṇo kālamakāsi.\nGovinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate rājā disampati paridevesi:\n“yasmiṁ vata, bho, mayaṁ samaye govinde brāhmaṇe sabbakiccāni sammā vossajjitvā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārema, tasmiṁ no samaye govindo brāhmaṇo kālaṅkato”ti.\nEvaṁ vutte, bho, reṇu rājaputto rājānaṁ disampatiṁ etadavoca:\n“mā kho tvaṁ, deva, govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate atibāḷhaṁ paridevesi.\nAtthi, deva, govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto paṇḍitataro ceva pitarā, alamatthadasataro ceva pitarā;\nyepissa pitā atthe anusāsi, tepi jotipālasseva māṇavassa anusāsaniyā”ti.\n“Evaṁ, kumārā”ti?\n“Evaṁ, devā”ti.","en":"Once upon a time, there was a king named Disampati.\nHe had a brahmin high priest named the Steward.\nDisampati’s son was the prince named Reṇu,\nwhile the Steward’s son was the student named Jotipāla.\nThere were Reṇu the prince, Jotipāla the student, and six other aristocrats; these eight became friends.\nIn due course the brahmin Steward passed away.\nAt his passing, King Disampati lamented,\n“At a time when I have relinquished all my duties to the brahmin Steward and amuse myself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation, he passes away!”\nWhen he said this, Prince Reṇu said to him,\n“Your Majesty, don’t lament too much at the Steward’s passing.\nHe has a son named Jotipāla, who is even more astute and expert than his father.\nHe should manage the affairs that were managed by his father.”\n“Is that so, my prince?”\n“That is so, Your Majesty.”"}},{"id":"dn19:30","sourceIds":["dn19:30.0","dn19:30.1","dn19:30.2","dn19:30.3","dn19:30.4","dn19:30.5","dn19:30.6","dn19:30.7","dn19:30.8","dn19:30.9","dn19:30.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6. Mahāgovindavatthu\nAtha kho, bho, rājā disampati aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi:\n“ehi tvaṁ, ambho purisa, yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ evaṁ vadehi:\n‘bhavamatthu bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ, rājā disampati bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo’”ti.\n“Evaṁ, devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso disampatissa rañño paṭissutvā yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ etadavoca:\n“bhavamatthu bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ, rājā disampati bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, jotipālo māṇavo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena rājā disampati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā disampatinā raññā saddhiṁ sammodi;\nsammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho, bho, jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ rājā disampati etadavoca:\n“anusāsatu no bhavaṁ jotipālo, mā no bhavaṁ jotipālo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsi.\nPettike taṁ ṭhāne ṭhapessāmi, govindiye abhisiñcissāmī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, so jotipālo māṇavo disampatissa rañño paccassosi.","en":"6. The Story of the Great Steward\nSo King Disampati addressed one of his men,\n“Please, my man, go to the student Jotipāla, and say to him,\n‘Best wishes, Jotipāla! You are summoned by King Disampati; he wants to see you.’”\n“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied that man, and did as he was asked.\nThen Jotipāla went to the king and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side, and the king said to him,\n“May you, Jotipāla, manage my affairs—please don’t turn me down!\nI shall appoint you to your father’s position, and anoint you as Steward.”\n“Yes, worthy sir,” replied Jotipāla."}},{"id":"dn19:31","sourceIds":["dn19:31.1","dn19:31.2","dn19:31.3","dn19:31.4","dn19:31.5","dn19:31.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ govindiye abhisiñci, taṁ pettike ṭhāne ṭhapesi.\nAbhisitto jotipālo māṇavo govindiye pettike ṭhāne ṭhapito yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati, yepissa pitā atthe nānusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati;\nyepissa pitā kammante abhisambhosi tepi kammante abhisambhoti, yepissa pitā kammante nābhisambhosi tepi kammante abhisambhoti.\nTamenaṁ manussā evamāhaṁsu:\n“govindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo, mahāgovindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo”ti.\nIminā kho evaṁ, bho, pariyāyena jotipālassa māṇavassa govindo mahāgovindotveva samaññā udapādi.","en":"So the king anointed him as Steward and appointed him to his father’s position.\nAfter his appointment, the Steward Jotipāla managed both the affairs that his father had managed, and other affairs that his father had not managed.\nHe organized both the works that his father had organized, and other works that his father had not organized.\nWhen people noticed this they said,\n“The brahmin is indeed a Steward, a Great Steward!”\nAnd that’s how the student Jotipāla came to be known as the Great Steward."}},{"id":"dn19:32","sourceIds":["dn19:32.0","dn19:32.1","dn19:32.2","dn19:32.3","dn19:32.4","dn19:32.5","dn19:32.6","dn19:32.7","dn19:32.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.1. Rajjasaṁvibhajana\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca:\n“disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṁ?\nṬhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ.\nĀyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ evaṁ vadetha:\n‘mayaṁ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā, yaṁsukho bhavaṁ taṁsukhā mayaṁ, yaṁdukkho bhavaṁ taṁdukkhā mayaṁ.\nDisampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṁ?\nṬhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṁ reṇuṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ.\nSace bhavaṁ reṇu rajjaṁ labhetha, saṁvibhajetha no rajjenā’”ti.","en":"6.1. Dividing the Realm\nThen the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said,\n“King Disampati is old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and has reached the final stage of life. Who knows how long he has to live?\nIt’s likely that when he passes away the king-makers will anoint Prince Reṇu as king.\nCome, sirs, go to Prince Reṇu and say,\n‘Prince Reṇu, we are your friends, dear, beloved, and cherished. We have shared your joys and sorrows.\nKing Disampati is old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and has reached the final stage of life. Who knows how long he has to live?\nIt’s likely that when he passes away the king-makers will anoint you as king.\nIf you should gain kingship, share it with us.’”"}},{"id":"dn19:33","sourceIds":["dn19:33.1","dn19:33.2","dn19:33.3","dn19:33.4","dn19:33.5","dn19:33.6","dn19:33.7","dn19:33.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ:\n“mayaṁ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā;\nyaṁsukho bhavaṁ taṁsukhā mayaṁ, yaṁdukkho bhavaṁ taṁdukkhā mayaṁ.\nDisampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana bho jānāti jīvitaṁ?\nṬhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṁ reṇuṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ.\nSace bhavaṁ reṇu rajjaṁ labhetha, saṁvibhajetha no rajjenā”ti.\n“Ko nu kho, bho, añño mama vijite sukho bhavetha, aññatra bhavantebhi?\nSacāhaṁ, bho, rajjaṁ labhissāmi, saṁvibhajissāmi vo rajjenā”ti.","en":"“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the six aristocrats. They went to Prince Reṇu and put the proposal to him.\nThe prince replied, “Who else, sirs, in my realm ought to prosper if not you?\nIf I gain kingship, I will share it with you all.”"}},{"id":"dn19:34","sourceIds":["dn19:34.1","dn19:34.2","dn19:34.3","dn19:34.4","dn19:34.5","dn19:34.6","dn19:34.7","dn19:34.8","dn19:34.9","dn19:34.10","dn19:34.11","dn19:34.12","dn19:34.13","dn19:34.14"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṁ accayena rājā disampati kālamakāsi.\nDisampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ rajje abhisiñciṁsu.\nAbhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca:\n“disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato.\nAbhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti.\nKo nu kho pana, bho, jānāti, madanīyā kāmā?\nĀyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ evaṁ vadetha:\n‘disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṁ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṁ taṁ vacanan’”ti?\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavocuṁ:\n“disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṁ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṁ taṁ vacanan”ti?\n“Sarāmahaṁ, bho, taṁ vacanaṁ.\nKo nu kho, bho, pahoti imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhajitun”ti?\n“Ko nu kho, bho, añño pahoti, aññatra mahāgovindena brāhmaṇenā”ti?","en":"In due course King Disampati passed away.\nAt his passing, the king-makers anointed Prince Reṇu as king.\nBut after being anointed, King Reṇu amused himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation.\nThen the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said,\n“King Disampati has passed away.\nBut after being anointed, King Reṇu amused himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation.\nWho knows the intoxicating power of sensual pleasures?\nCome, sirs, go to King Reṇu and say,\n‘Worthy sir, King Disampati has passed away, and you have been anointed as king. Do you remember what you said?’”\n“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the six aristocrats. They went to King Reṇu and said,\n“Worthy sir, King Disampati has passed away, and you have been anointed as king. Do you remember what you said?”\n“I remember, sirs.\nWho is able to neatly divide into seven equal parts this great land, so broad in the north and narrow as the front of a cart in the south?”\n“Who else, sir, if not the Great Steward?”"}},{"id":"dn19:35","sourceIds":["dn19:35.1","dn19:35.2","dn19:35.3","dn19:35.4","dn19:35.5","dn19:35.6","dn19:35.7","dn19:35.8","dn19:35.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, reṇu rājā aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi:\n“ehi tvaṁ, ambho purisa, yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ evaṁ vadehi:\n‘rājā taṁ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī’”ti.\n“Evaṁ, devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:\n“rājā taṁ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇunā raññā saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho, bho, mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ reṇu rājā etadavoca:\n“etu, bhavaṁ govindo imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhajatū”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho bho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhaji.","en":"So King Reṇu addressed one of his men,\n“Please, my man, go to the brahmin Great Steward and say that\nKing Reṇu summons him.”\n“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied that man, and did as he was asked.\nThen the Great Steward went to the king and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side, and the king said to him,\n“Come, let the good Steward neatly divide into seven equal parts this great land, so broad in the north and narrow as the front of a cart in the south.”\n“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the Great Steward, and did as he was asked."}},{"id":"dn19:36","sourceIds":["dn19:36.1","dn19:36.2","dn19:36.3","dn19:36.4","dn19:36.5","dn19:36.6","dn19:36.7","dn19:36.8","dn19:36.9","dn19:36.10","dn19:36.11","dn19:36.12","dn19:36.13","dn19:36.14","dn19:36.15","dn19:36.16","dn19:36.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sabbāni sakaṭamukhāni paṭṭhapesi.\nTatra sudaṁ majjhe reṇussa rañño janapado hoti.\nDantapuraṁ kaliṅgānaṁ,\nassakānañca potanaṁ;\nMahesayaṁ avantīnaṁ,\nsovīrānañca rorukaṁ.\nMithilā ca videhānaṁ,\ncampā aṅgesu māpitā;\nBārāṇasī ca kāsīnaṁ,\nete govindamāpitāti.\nAtha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yathāsakena lābhena attamanā ahesuṁ paripuṇṇasaṅkappā:\n“yaṁ vata no ahosi icchitaṁ, yaṁ ākaṅkhitaṁ, yaṁ adhippetaṁ, yaṁ abhipatthitaṁ, taṁ no laddhan”ti.\nSattabhū brahmadatto ca,\nvessabhū bharato saha;\nReṇu dve dhataraṭṭhā ca,\ntadāsuṁ satta bhāradhāti.\nPaṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.","en":"All were arranged like the fronts of carts,\nand right in the middle was King Reṇu’s nation.\nDantapura for the Kaliṅgas;\nPotana for the Assakas;\nMāhissatī for the Avantis;\nRoruka for the Sovīras;\nMithilā for the Videhas;\nCampā was laid out for the Aṅgas;\nand Varanasi for the Kāsis:\nthese were laid out by the Steward.\nThen those six aristocrats were delighted with their respective gains, having achieved all they wished for,\n“We have received exactly what we wanted, what we wished for, what we desired, what we yearned for.”\nSattabhū and Brahmadatta,\nVessabhū and Bharata,\nReṇu and the two Dhataraṭṭhas:\nthese were the seven Bhāratas.\nThe first recitation section is complete."}},{"id":"dn19:37","sourceIds":["dn19:37.0","dn19:37.1","dn19:37.2","dn19:37.3","dn19:37.4","dn19:37.5","dn19:37.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.2. Kittisaddaabbhuggamana\nAtha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ:\n“yathā kho bhavaṁ govindo reṇussa rañño sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo.\nEvameva kho bhavaṁ govindo amhākampi sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo, anusāsatu no bhavaṁ govindo;\nmā no bhavaṁ govindo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tesaṁ channaṁ khattiyānaṁ paccassosi.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo satta ca rājāno khattiye muddhāvasitte rajje anusāsi, satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni mante vācesi.","en":"6.2. A Good Reputation\nThen the six aristocrats approached the Great Steward and said,\n“Steward, just as you are King Reṇu’s friend, dear, beloved, and cherished,\nyou are also our friend.\nWould you manage our affairs? Please don’t turn us down!”\n“Yes, worthy sirs,” replied the Great Steward.\nThen the Great Steward managed the realms of the seven kings. And he taught seven well-to-do brahmins, and seven hundred bathed initiates to recite the hymns."}},{"id":"dn19:38","sourceIds":["dn19:38.1","dn19:38.2","dn19:38.3","dn19:38.4","dn19:38.5","dn19:38.6","dn19:38.7","dn19:38.8","dn19:38.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa aparena samayena evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchi:\n“sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī”ti.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi:\n“mayhaṁ kho evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi.\nSutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti.\nYannūnāhaṁ vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyeyyaṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyeyyan”ti.","en":"After some time he got this good reputation,\n“The Great Steward sees the Divinity in person! The Great Steward discusses, converses, and consults with the Divinity in person!”\nThe Great Steward thought,\n“I have the reputation\nof seeing the Divinity in person, and discussing with him in person.\nBut I don’t.\nI have heard that brahmins of the past who were elderly and senior, the tutors of tutors, said:\n‘Whoever goes on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practices the absorption on compassion sees the Divinity and discusses with him.’\nWhy don’t I do that?”"}},{"id":"dn19:39","sourceIds":["dn19:39.1","dn19:39.2","dn19:39.3","dn19:39.4","dn19:39.5","dn19:39.6","dn19:39.7","dn19:39.8","dn19:39.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca:\n“mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi.\nSutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ;\nnamhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti.\n“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"So the Great Steward went to King Reṇu and told him of the situation, saying,\n“Sir, I wish to go on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practice the absorption on compassion.\nNo one should approach me, except the one who serves my meal.”\n“Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”"}},{"id":"dn19:40","sourceIds":["dn19:40.1","dn19:40.2","dn19:40.3","dn19:40.4","dn19:40.5","dn19:40.6","dn19:40.7","dn19:40.8","dn19:40.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca:\n“mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi.\nSutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ,\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ;\nnamhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti.\n“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"Then the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats to put the same proposal, and received the same reply."}},{"id":"dn19:41","sourceIds":["dn19:41.1","dn19:41.2","dn19:41.3","dn19:41.4","dn19:41.5","dn19:41.6","dn19:41.7","dn19:41.8","dn19:41.9","dn19:41.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca:\n“mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi.\nSutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti.\nTena hi, bho, yathāsute yathāpariyatte mante vitthārena sajjhāyaṁ karotha, aññamaññañca mante vācetha;\nicchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ;\nnamhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti.\n“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"He also went to the seven well-to-do brahmins and seven hundred bathed initiates and put to them the same proposal, adding,\n“Sirs, rehearse the hymns in detail as you have learned and memorized them, and teach each other how to recite.”\nAnd they too said,\n“Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”"}},{"id":"dn19:42","sourceIds":["dn19:42.1","dn19:42.2","dn19:42.3","dn19:42.4","dn19:42.5","dn19:42.6","dn19:42.7","dn19:42.8","dn19:42.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca:\n“mayhaṁ kho, bhotī, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ, bhotī, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi.\nSutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti,\nicchāmahaṁ, bhotī, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ;\nnamhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti.\n“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"Then the Great Steward went to his forty equal wives to put the same proposal to them, and received the same reply."}},{"id":"dn19:43","sourceIds":["dn19:43.1","dn19:43.2","dn19:43.3","dn19:43.4","dn19:43.5","dn19:43.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo puratthimena nagarassa navaṁ sandhāgāraṁ kārāpetvā vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyi, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyi;\nnāssudha koci upasaṅkamati aññatra ekena bhattābhihārena.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa catunnaṁ māsānaṁ accayena ahudeva ukkaṇṭhanā ahu paritassanā:\n“sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:\n‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti.\nNa kho panāhaṁ brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi na brahmunā sallapāmi na brahmunā mantemī”ti.","en":"Then the Great Steward had a new ceremonial hall built to the east of his citadel, where he went on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practiced the absorption on compassion.\nAnd no one approached him except the one who served his meals.\nBut then, when the four months had passed, the Great Steward became dissatisfied and anxious,\n“I have heard that brahmins of the past said that\nwhoever goes on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practices the absorption on compassion sees the Divinity and discusses with him.\nBut I neither see the Divinity nor discuss with him.”"}},{"id":"dn19:44","sourceIds":["dn19:44.0","dn19:44.1","dn19:44.2","dn19:44.3","dn19:44.4","dn19:44.5","dn19:44.6","dn19:44.7","dn19:44.8","dn19:44.9","dn19:44.10","dn19:44.11","dn19:44.12","dn19:44.13","dn19:44.14","dn19:44.15","dn19:44.16","dn19:44.17","dn19:44.18","dn19:44.19","dn19:44.20","dn19:44.21"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.3. Brahmunāsākacchā\nAtha kho, bho, brahmā sanaṅkumāro mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—brahmaloke antarahito mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sammukhe pāturahosi.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa ahudeva bhayaṁ ahu chambhitattaṁ ahu lomahaṁso yathā taṁ adiṭṭhapubbaṁ rūpaṁ disvā.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo bhīto saṁviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:\n“Vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā,\nko nu tvamasi mārisa;\nAjānantā taṁ pucchāma,\nkathaṁ jānemu taṁ mayan”ti.\n“Maṁ ve kumāraṁ jānanti,\nbrahmaloke sanantanaṁ;\nSabbe jānanti maṁ devā,\nevaṁ govinda jānahi”.\n“Āsanaṁ udakaṁ pajjaṁ,\nmadhusākañca brahmuno;\nAgghe bhavantaṁ pucchāma,\nagghaṁ kurutu no bhavaṁ”.\n“Paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṁ,\nyaṁ tvaṁ govinda bhāsasi;\nDiṭṭhadhammahitatthāya,\nsamparāya sukhāya ca;\nKatāvakāso pucchassu,\nyaṁ kiñci abhipatthitan”ti.","en":"6.3. A Discussion With the Divinity\nAnd then the divinity Sanaṅkumāra, knowing the Great Steward’s train of thought, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the realm of divinity and reappeared in the Great Steward’s presence.\nAt that, the Great Steward became frightened, scared, his hair standing on end, as he had never seen such a sight before.\nSo he addressed the divinity Sanaṅkumāra in verse:\n“Who might you be, sir,\nso beautiful, glorious, majestic?\nNot knowing, I ask—\nhow am I to know who you are?”\n“In the realm of divinity they know me\nas ‘The Eternal Youth’.\nAll the gods know me thus,\nand so you should know me, Steward.”\n“A Divinity deserves a seat and water,\nfoot-salve, and sweet cakes.\nSir, I ask you to please accept\nthese gifts of hospitality.”\n“I accept the gifts of hospitality\nof which you speak.\nI grant you the opportunity\nto ask whatever you desire—\nabout welfare and benefit in this life,\nor happiness in lives to come.”"}},{"id":"dn19:45","sourceIds":["dn19:45.1","dn19:45.2","dn19:45.3","dn19:45.4","dn19:45.5","dn19:45.6","dn19:45.7","dn19:45.8","dn19:45.9","dn19:45.10","dn19:45.11","dn19:45.12","dn19:45.13","dn19:45.14","dn19:45.15","dn19:45.16"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi:\n“katāvakāso khomhi brahmunā sanaṅkumārena.\nKiṁ nu kho ahaṁ brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ puccheyyaṁ diṭṭhadhammikaṁ vā atthaṁ samparāyikaṁ vā”ti?\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi:\n“kusalo kho ahaṁ diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ atthānaṁ, aññepi maṁ diṭṭhadhammikaṁ atthaṁ pucchanti.\nYannūnāhaṁ brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ samparāyikaññeva atthaṁ puccheyyan”ti.\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:\n“Pucchāmi brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ,\nKaṅkhī akaṅkhiṁ paravediyesu;\nKatthaṭṭhito kimhi ca sikkhamāno,\nPappoti macco amataṁ brahmalokan”ti.\n“Hitvā mamattaṁ manujesu brahme,\nEkodibhūto karuṇedhimutto;\nNirāmagandho virato methunasmā,\nEtthaṭṭhito ettha ca sikkhamāno;\nPappoti macco amataṁ brahmalokan”ti.","en":"Then the Great Steward thought,\n“the divinity Sanaṅkumāra has granted me an opportunity.\nShould I ask him about what is beneficial for this life or lives to come?”\nThen he thought,\n“I’m skilled in what is beneficial for this life, and others even ask me about it.\nWhy don’t I ask the Divinity about the benefit that specifically applies to lives to come?”\nSo he addressed the divinity Sanaṅkumāra in verse:\n“I’m in doubt, so I ask the Divinity—who is free of doubt—\nabout things one may learn from another.\nStanding on what, training in what\nmay a mortal reach the deathless realm of divinity?”\n“He among mankind, O brahmin, has given up possessiveness,\nat one, compassionate,\nfree of putrefaction, and refraining from sex.\nStanding on that, training in that\na mortal may reach the deathless realm of divinity.”"}},{"id":"dn19:46","sourceIds":["dn19:46.1","dn19:46.2","dn19:46.3","dn19:46.4","dn19:46.5","dn19:46.6","dn19:46.7","dn19:46.8","dn19:46.9","dn19:46.10","dn19:46.11","dn19:46.12","dn19:46.13","dn19:46.14","dn19:46.15","dn19:46.16","dn19:46.17","dn19:46.18","dn19:46.19","dn19:46.20","dn19:46.21","dn19:46.22","dn19:46.23"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“‘Hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\nIdhekacco appaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya appaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati,\niti ‘hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\n‘Ekodibhūto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\nIdhekacco vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ bhajati araññaṁ rukkhamūlaṁ pabbataṁ kandaraṁ giriguhaṁ susānaṁ vanapatthaṁ abbhokāsaṁ palālapuñjaṁ,\niti ‘ekodibhūto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\n‘Karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\nIdhekacco karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadhotiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati.\nIti ‘karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.\nĀmagandhe ca kho ahaṁ, bhoto, bhāsamānassa na ājānāmi.\nKe āmagandhā manujesu brahme,\nEte avidvā idha brūhi dhīra;\nKenāvaṭā vāti pajā kurutu,\nĀpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.\n“Kodho mosavajjaṁ nikati ca dubbho,\nKadariyatā atimāno usūyā;\nIcchā vivicchā paraheṭhanā ca,\nLobho ca doso ca mado ca moho;\nEtesu yuttā anirāmagandhā,\nĀpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.\n“Yathā kho ahaṁ, bhoto, āmagandhe bhāsamānassa ājānāmi. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā.\nPabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"“Sir, I understand what ‘giving up possessiveness’ means.\nIt’s when someone gives up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nThat’s how I understand ‘giving up possessiveness’.\nSir, I understand what ‘at one’ means.\nIt’s when someone frequents a secluded lodging—a wilderness, the root of a tree, a hill, a ravine, a mountain cave, a charnel ground, a forest, the open air, a heap of straw.\nThat’s how I understand ‘at one’.\nSir, I understand what ‘compassionate’ means.\nIt’s when someone meditates spreading a heart full of compassion to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of compassion to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.\nThat’s how I understand ‘compassionate’.\nBut I don’t understand what you say about putrefaction.\nWhat among mankind, O the Divinity, is putrefaction?\nI don’t understand, so tell me, attentive one:\nwrapped in what do people stink,\nheaded for hell, shut out of the realm of divinity?”\n“Anger, lies, cheating, and treachery,\nmiserliness, vanity, jealousy,\ndesire, stinginess, harassing others,\ngreed, hate, vanity, and delusion—\nthose bound to such things are not devoid of putrefaction;\nthey’re headed for hell, shut out of the realm of divinity.”\n“As I understand what you say about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness!”\n“Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”"}},{"id":"dn19:47","sourceIds":["dn19:47.0","dn19:47.1","dn19:47.2","dn19:47.3","dn19:47.4","dn19:47.5","dn19:47.6","dn19:47.7","dn19:47.8","dn19:47.9","dn19:47.10","dn19:47.11","dn19:47.12","dn19:47.13","dn19:47.14","dn19:47.15","dn19:47.16","dn19:47.17","dn19:47.18","dn19:47.19","dn19:47.20","dn19:47.21","dn19:47.22","dn19:47.23","dn19:47.24","dn19:47.25","dn19:47.26","dn19:47.27","dn19:47.28","dn19:47.29","dn19:47.30","dn19:47.31","dn19:47.32","dn19:47.33","dn19:47.34","dn19:47.35","dn19:47.36","dn19:47.37","dn19:47.38","dn19:47.39","dn19:47.40","dn19:47.41","dn19:47.42","dn19:47.43"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.4. Reṇurājaāmantanā\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca:\n“aññaṁ dāni bhavaṁ purohitaṁ pariyesatu, yo bhoto rajjaṁ anusāsissati.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā.\nPabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Āmantayāmi rājānaṁ,\nreṇuṁ bhūmipatiṁ ahaṁ;\nTvaṁ pajānassu rajjena,\nnāhaṁ porohicce rame”.\n“Sace te ūnaṁ kāmehi,\nahaṁ paripūrayāmi te;\nYo taṁ hiṁsati vāremi,\nbhūmisenāpati ahaṁ;\nTuvaṁ pitā ahaṁ putto,\nmā no govinda pājahi”.\n“Namatthi ūnaṁ kāmehi,\nhiṁsitā me na vijjati;\nAmanussavaco sutvā,\ntasmāhaṁ na gahe rame”.\n“Amanusso kathaṁvaṇṇo,\nkiṁ te atthaṁ abhāsatha;\nYañca sutvā jahāsi no,\ngehe amhe ca kevalī”.\n“Upavutthassa me pubbe,\nyiṭṭhukāmassa me sato;\nAggi pajjalito āsi,\nkusapattaparitthato.\nTato me brahmā pāturahu,\nbrahmalokā sanantano;\nSo me pañhaṁ viyākāsi,\ntaṁ sutvā na gahe rame”.\n“Saddahāmi ahaṁ bhoto,\nyaṁ tvaṁ govinda bhāsasi;\nAmanussavaco sutvā,\nkathaṁ vattetha aññathā.\nTe taṁ anuvattissāma,\nsatthā govinda no bhavaṁ;\nMaṇi yathā veḷuriyo,\nakāco vimalo subho;\nEvaṁ suddhā carissāma,\ngovindassānusāsaneti.\nSace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma.\nAtha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"6.4. Informing King Reṇu\nSo the Great Steward went to King Reṇu and said,\n“Worthy sir, please now find another high priest to manage the affairs of state for you.\nI wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nI announce to King Reṇu,\nthe lord of the land:\nyou must learn how to rule,\nfor I no longer care for my ministry.”\n“If you’re lacking any pleasures,\nI’ll supply them for you.\nI’ll protect you from any harm,\nfor I command the nation’s army.\nYou are my father, I am your son!\nO Steward, please don’t leave!”\n“I’m lacking no pleasures,\nand no one is harming me.\nI’ve heard a non-human voice,\nso I no longer care for lay life.”\n“What was that non-human like?\nWhat did he say to you,\nhearing which you would abandon\nour house and all our people?”\n“Before entering this retreat,\nI only liked to sacrifice.\nI kindled the sacred flame,\nstrewn about with kusa grass.\nBut then the Divinity the Eternal Youth\nappeared to me from the realm of divinity.\nHe answered my question,\nhearing which I no longer care for lay life.”\n“I have faith, O Steward,\nin that of which you speak.\nHaving heard a non-human voice,\nwhat else could you do?\nWe will follow your example,\nSteward, be my Teacher!\nLike a gem of beryl—\nflawless, immaculate, beautiful—\nthat’s how pure we shall live,\nin the Steward’s dispensation.\nIf the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”"}},{"id":"dn19:48","sourceIds":["dn19:48.0","dn19:48.1","dn19:48.2","dn19:48.3","dn19:48.4","dn19:48.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.5. Chakhattiyaāmantanā\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca:\n“aññaṁ dāni bhavanto purohitaṁ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṁ rajje anusāsissati.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā.\nPabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.","en":"6.5. Informing the Six Aristocrats\nThen the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said,\n“Good fellows, please now find another high priest to manage the affairs of state for you.\nI wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness!”"}},{"id":"dn19:49","sourceIds":["dn19:49.1","dn19:49.2","dn19:49.3","dn19:49.4","dn19:49.5","dn19:49.6","dn19:49.7","dn19:49.8","dn19:49.9","dn19:49.10","dn19:49.11","dn19:49.12","dn19:49.13","dn19:49.14","dn19:49.15","dn19:49.16","dn19:49.17","dn19:49.18"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṁ apakkamma evaṁ samacintesuṁ:\n“ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma dhanaluddhā;\nyannūna mayaṁ mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ dhanena sikkheyyāmā”ti.\nTe mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu:\n“saṁvijjati kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtaṁ sāpateyyaṁ, tato bhoto yāvatakena attho, tāvatakaṁ āharīyatan”ti.\n“Alaṁ, bho, mamapidaṁ pahūtaṁ sāpateyyaṁ bhavantānaṁyeva vāhasā.\nTamahaṁ sabbaṁ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\nAtha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṁ apakkamma evaṁ samacintesuṁ:\n“ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma itthiluddhā;\nyannūna mayaṁ mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ itthīhi sikkheyyāmā”ti.\nTe mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu:\n“saṁvijjanti kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtā itthiyo, tato bhoto yāvatikāhi attho, tāvatikā ānīyatan”ti.\n“Alaṁ, bho, mamapimā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo.\nTāpāhaṁ sabbā pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyanti”.","en":"Then the six aristocrats withdrew to one side and thought up a plan,\n“These brahmins are greedy for wealth.\nWhy don’t we bestow him with wealth?”\nThey returned to the Great Steward and said,\n“In these seven kingdoms there is abundant wealth. We’ll get you as much as you want.”\n“Enough, sirs. I already have abundant wealth, owing to my lords.\nGiving up all that, I shall go forth.”\nThen the six aristocrats withdrew to one side and thought up a plan,\n“These brahmins are greedy for women.\nWhy don’t we bestow him with women?”\nThey returned to the Great Steward and said,\n“In these seven kingdoms there are many women. We’ll get you as many as you want.”\n“Enough, sirs. I already have forty equal wives.\nGiving up all them, I shall go forth.”"}},{"id":"dn19:50","sourceIds":["dn19:50.1","dn19:50.2","dn19:50.3","dn19:50.4","dn19:50.5","dn19:50.6","dn19:50.7","dn19:50.8","dn19:50.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.\n“Sace jahatha kāmāni,\nyattha satto puthujjano;\nĀrambhavho daḷhā hotha,\nkhantībalasamāhitā.\nEsa maggo ujumaggo,\nesa maggo anuttaro;\nSaddhammo sabbhi rakkhito,\nbrahmalokūpapattiyā”ti.","en":"“If the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”\n“If you all give up sensual pleasures,\nto which ordinary people are attached,\nexert yourselves, being strong,\nand possessing the power of patience.\nThis path is the straight path,\nthis path is supreme.\nGuarded by the good, the true teaching\nleads to rebirth in the realm of divinity.”"}},{"id":"dn19:51","sourceIds":["dn19:51.1","dn19:51.2","dn19:51.3","dn19:51.4","dn19:51.5","dn19:51.6","dn19:51.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo satta vassāni āgametu.\nSattannaṁ vassānaṁ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.\n“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, satta vassāni, nāhaṁ sakkomi, bhavante, satta vassāni āgametuṁ.\nKo nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ.\nGamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.","en":"“Well then, sir, please wait for seven years.\nWhen seven years have passed, we shall go forth with you. Your destiny shall be ours.”\n“Seven years is too long, sirs. I cannot wait that long.\nWho knows what will happen to the living?\nWe are headed for lives to come. We must be thoughtful and wake up! We must do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no one born can escape death.\nI shall go forth.”"}},{"id":"dn19:52","sourceIds":["dn19:52.1","dn19:52.2","dn19:52.3","dn19:52.4","dn19:52.5","dn19:52.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo chabbassāni āgametu …pe…\npañca vassāni āgametu …\ncattāri vassāni āgametu …\ntīṇi vassāni āgametu …\ndve vassāni āgametu …\nekaṁ vassaṁ āgametu, ekassa vassassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"“Well then, sir, please wait for six years,\nfive years,\nfour years,\nthree years,\ntwo years,\none year,"}},{"id":"dn19:53","sourceIds":["dn19:53.1","dn19:53.2","dn19:53.3","dn19:53.4","dn19:53.5","dn19:53.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, ekaṁ vassaṁ, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante ekaṁ vassaṁ āgametuṁ.\nKo nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ.\nGamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo satta māsāni āgametu, sattannaṁ māsānaṁ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"seven months,"}},{"id":"dn19:54","sourceIds":["dn19:54.1","dn19:54.2","dn19:54.3","dn19:54.4","dn19:54.5","dn19:54.6","dn19:54.7","dn19:54.8","dn19:54.9","dn19:54.10","dn19:54.11","dn19:54.12"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, satta māsāni, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante satta māsāni āgametuṁ.\nKo nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ.\nGamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo cha māsāni āgametu …pe…\npañca māsāni āgametu …\ncattāri māsāni āgametu …\ntīṇi māsāni āgametu …\ndve māsāni āgametu …\nekaṁ māsaṁ āgametu …\naddhamāsaṁ āgametu, addhamāsassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"six months,\nfive months,\nfour months,\nthree months,\ntwo months,\none month,\nor even a fortnight. When a fortnight has passed, we shall go forth. Your destiny shall be ours.”"}},{"id":"dn19:55","sourceIds":["dn19:55.1","dn19:55.2","dn19:55.3","dn19:55.4","dn19:55.5","dn19:55.6","dn19:55.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, addhamāso, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante addhamāsaṁ āgametuṁ.\nKo nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ.\nGamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo sattāhaṁ āgametu, yāva mayaṁ sake puttabhātaro rajjena anusāsissāma, sattāhassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.\n“Na ciraṁ kho, bho, sattāhaṁ, āgamessāmahaṁ bhavante sattāhan”ti.","en":"“A fortnight is too long, sirs. I cannot wait that long.\nWho knows what will happen to the living?\nWe are headed for lives to come. We must be thoughtful and wake up! We must do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no one born can escape death.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”\n“Well then, sir, please wait for a week, so that we can instruct our sons and brothers in kingship. When a week has passed, we shall go forth. Your destiny shall be ours.”\n“A week is not too long, sirs. I will wait that long.”"}},{"id":"dn19:56","sourceIds":["dn19:56.0","dn19:56.1","dn19:56.2","dn19:56.3","dn19:56.4","dn19:56.5","dn19:56.6","dn19:56.7","dn19:56.8","dn19:56.9","dn19:56.10","dn19:56.11","dn19:56.12","dn19:56.13","dn19:56.14","dn19:56.15"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.6. Brāhmaṇamahāsālādīnaṁāmantanā\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca:\n“aññaṁ dāni bhavanto ācariyaṁ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṁ mante vācessati.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā,\npabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Mā bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.\nPabbajjā, bho, appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca;\nbrahmaññaṁ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā”ti.\n“Mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha: ‘pabbajjā appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca, brahmaññaṁ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā’ti.\nKo nu kho, bho, aññatra mayā mahesakkhataro vā mahālābhataro vā.\nAhañhi, bho, etarahi rājāva raññaṁ brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṁ devatāva gahapatikānaṁ.\nTamahaṁ sabbaṁ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā.\nPabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"6.6. Informing the Brahmins\nThen the Great Steward also went to the seven well-to-do brahmins and seven hundred bathed initiates and said,\n“Good fellows, please now find another tutor to teach you to recite the hymns.\nI wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”\n“Please don’t go forth from the lay life to homelessness!\nThe life of one gone forth is of little influence or profit,\nwhereas the life of a brahmin is of great influence and profit.”\n“Please, good fellows, don’t say that.\nWho has greater influence and profit than myself?\nFor now I am like a king to kings, like the Divinity to brahmins, like a deity to householders.\nGiving up all that, I shall go forth.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”\n“If the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”"}},{"id":"dn19:57","sourceIds":["dn19:57.0","dn19:57.1","dn19:57.2","dn19:57.3","dn19:57.4","dn19:57.5","dn19:57.6","dn19:57.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.7. Bhariyānaṁāmantanā\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca:\n“yā bhotīnaṁ icchati, sakāni vā ñātikulāni gacchatu aññaṁ vā bhattāraṁ pariyesatu.\nIcchāmahaṁ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ.\nYathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā.\nPabbajissāmahaṁ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.\n“Tvaññeva no ñāti ñātikāmānaṁ, tvaṁ pana bhattā bhattukāmānaṁ.\nSace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.","en":"6.7. Informing the Wives\nThen the Great Steward went to his forty equal wives and said,\n“Ladies, please do whatever you wish, whether returning to your own families, or finding another husband.\nI wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nAs I understand what the Divinity says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home.\nI shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”\n“You are the only family we want! You are the only husband we want!\nIf you are going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”"}},{"id":"dn19:58","sourceIds":["dn19:58.0","dn19:58.1","dn19:58.2","dn19:58.3","dn19:58.4","dn19:58.5","dn19:58.6","dn19:58.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6.8. Mahāgovindapabbajjā\nAtha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa sattāhassa accayena kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.\nPabbajitaṁ pana mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ satta ca rājāno khattiyā muddhāvasittā satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni cattārīsā ca bhariyā sādisiyo anekāni ca khattiyasahassāni anekāni ca brāhmaṇasahassāni anekāni ca gahapatisahassāni anekehi ca itthāgārehi itthiyo kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitaṁ anupabbajiṁsu.\nTāya sudaṁ, bho, parisāya parivuto mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṁ carati.\nYaṁ kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmaṁ vā nigamaṁ vā upasaṅkamati, tattha rājāva hoti raññaṁ, brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṁ, devatāva gahapatikānaṁ.\nTena kho pana samayena manussā khipanti vā upakkhalanti vā.\nTe evamāhaṁsu:\n“namatthu mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa, namatthu satta purohitassā”ti.","en":"6.8. The Great Steward Goes Forth\nWhen a week had passed, the Great Steward shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nAnd when he had gone forth, the seven anointed aristocrat kings, the seven brahmins with seven hundred initiates, the forty equal wives, and many thousands of aristocrats, brahmins, householders, and many harem women shaved off their hair and beards, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness.\nEscorted by that assembly, the Great Steward wandered on tour among the villages, towns, and capital cities.\nAnd at that time, whenever he arrived at a village or town, he was like a king to kings, like the Divinity to brahmins, like a deity to householders.\nAnd whenever people sneezed or tripped over\nthey’d say:\n“Homage to the Great Steward! Homage to the high priest for the seven!”"}},{"id":"dn19:59","sourceIds":["dn19:59.1","dn19:59.2","dn19:59.3","dn19:59.4","dn19:59.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Mahāgovindo, bho, brāhmaṇo mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi.\nKaruṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe…\nmuditāsahagatena cetasā …pe…\nupekkhāsahagatena cetasā …pe… abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi.\nSāvakānañca brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṁ desesi.","en":"And the Great Steward meditated spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of love to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.\nHe meditated spreading a heart full of compassion …\nrejoicing …\nequanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.\nAnd he taught his disciples the path to rebirth in the company of Divinity."}},{"id":"dn19:60","sourceIds":["dn19:60.1","dn19:60.2","dn19:60.3","dn19:60.4","dn19:60.5","dn19:60.6","dn19:60.7","dn19:60.8","dn19:60.9","dn19:60.10","dn19:60.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sāvakā sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājāniṁsu.\nTe kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ brahmalokaṁ upapajjiṁsu.\nYe na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājāniṁsu, te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nappekacce nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nappekacce tusitānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nappekacce yāmānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nappekacce tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nappekacce cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu;\nye sabbanihīnaṁ kāyaṁ paripūresuṁ te gandhabbakāyaṁ paripūresuṁ.\nIti kho, bho, sabbesaṁyeva tesaṁ kulaputtānaṁ amoghā pabbajjā ahosi avañjhā saphalā saudrayā’ti.\nSarati taṁ bhagavā”ti?","en":"Those of his disciples who completely understood the Great Steward’s instructions,\nat the breaking up of the body, after death, were reborn in the realm of divinity.\nOf those disciples who only partly understood the Great Steward’s instructions, some were reborn in the company of the gods who control what is created by others,\nwhile some were reborn in the company of the gods who love to create,\nor the joyful gods,\nor the gods of Yama,\nor the gods of the thirty-three,\nor the gods of the four great kings.\nAnd at the very least they swelled the hosts of the centaurs.\nAnd so the going forth of all those gentlemen was not in vain, was not barren, but was fruitful and fertile.’\nDo you remember this, Blessed One?”"}},{"id":"dn19:61","sourceIds":["dn19:61.1","dn19:61.2","dn19:61.3","dn19:61.4","dn19:61.5","dn19:61.6","dn19:61.7","dn19:61.8","dn19:61.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Sarāmahaṁ, pañcasikha.\nAhaṁ tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo ahosiṁ.\nAhaṁ tesaṁ sāvakānaṁ brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṁ desesiṁ.\nTaṁ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṁvattati, yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā.\nIdaṁ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.\nKatamañca taṁ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?\nAyameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo.\nSeyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.\nIdaṁ kho taṁ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.","en":"“I remember, Pañcasikha.\nI myself was the brahmin Great Steward at that time.\nAnd I taught those disciples the path to rebirth in the company of Divinity.\nBut that spiritual path of mine doesn’t lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment. It only leads as far as rebirth in the realm of divinity.\nBut this spiritual path does lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment.\nAnd what is the spiritual path that leads to extinguishment?\nIt is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:\nright view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.\nThis is the spiritual path that leads to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment."}},{"id":"dn19:62","sourceIds":["dn19:62.1","dn19:62.2","dn19:62.3","dn19:62.4","dn19:62.5","dn19:62.6","dn19:62.7","dn19:62.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye kho pana me, pañcasikha, sāvakā sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, te āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti;\nye na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, te pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā opapātikā honti tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā.\nYe na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṁ tanuttā sakadāgāmino honti sakideva imaṁ lokaṁ āgantvā dukkhassantaṁ karissanti.\nYe na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā sotāpannā honti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā.\nIti kho, pañcasikha, sabbesaṁyeva imesaṁ kulaputtānaṁ amoghā pabbajjā avañjhā saphalā saudrayā”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nAttamano pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.\nMahāgovindasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.","en":"Those of my disciples who completely understand my instructions realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.\nOf those disciples who only partly understand my instructions, some, with the ending of the five lower fetters, become reborn spontaneously. They are extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world.\nSome, with the ending of three fetters, and the weakening of greed, hate, and delusion, become once-returners. They come back to this world once only, then make an end of suffering.\nAnd some, with the ending of three fetters, become stream-enterers, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening.\nAnd so the going forth of all those gentlemen was not in vain, was not barren, but was fruitful and fertile.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nDelighted, the centaur Pañcasikha approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before vanishing right there."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/dn19/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}