{"id":"dn31","title":"Advice to Sigālaka","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"dn31","title":"Advice to Sigālaka","units":[{"id":"dn31:0","sourceIds":["dn31:0.1","dn31:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dīgha Nikāya 31\nSiṅgālasutta","en":"Long Discourses 31\nAdvice to Sigālaka"}},{"id":"dn31:1","sourceIds":["dn31:1.1","dn31:1.2","dn31:1.3","dn31:1.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.\nTena kho pana samayena siṅgālako gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassati—\npuratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.\nNow at that time the householder’s son Sigālaka rose early and left Rājagaha. With his clothes and hair all wet, he raised his cupped palms to revere the various quarters—\neast, south, west, north, below, and above."}},{"id":"dn31:2","sourceIds":["dn31:2.1","dn31:2.2","dn31:2.3","dn31:2.4","dn31:2.5","dn31:2.6","dn31:2.7","dn31:2.8","dn31:2.9","dn31:2.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.\nAddasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṁ allakesaṁ pañjalikaṁ puthudisā namassantaṁ—\npuratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ.\nDisvā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ etadavoca:\n“kiṁ nu kho tvaṁ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi—\npuratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti?\n“Pitā maṁ, bhante, kālaṁ karonto evaṁ avaca:\n‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti.\nSo kho ahaṁ, bhante, pituvacanaṁ sakkaronto garuṁ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi—\npuratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti.","en":"Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.\nHe saw Sigālaka revering the various quarters\nand said to him,\n“Householder’s son, why are you revering the various quarters in this way?”\n“Sir, on his deathbed my father said to me:\n‘My dear, please revere the quarters.’\nHonoring, respecting, and venerating my father’s words, I rose early and left Rājagaha and, with my clothes and hair all wet, raised my cupped palms to revere the various quarters—\neast, south, west, north, below, and above.”"}},{"id":"dn31:2.11","sourceIds":["dn31:2.11.0"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"1. Cha disā","en":"1. The Six Directions"}},{"id":"dn31:2-from-dn31-2.12","sourceIds":["dn31:2.12","dn31:2.13","dn31:2.14","dn31:2.15","dn31:2.16","dn31:2.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṁ cha disā namassitabbā”ti.\n“Yathā kathaṁ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā?\nSādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṁ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā”ti.\n“Tena hi, gahapatiputta, suṇohi sādhukaṁ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi.\nBhagavā etadavoca:","en":"“Householder’s son, that’s not how the six directions should be revered in the training of the Noble One.”\n“But sir, how should the six directions be revered in the training of the Noble One?\nSir, please teach me this.”\n“Well then, householder’s son, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”\n“Yes, sir,” replied Sigālaka.\nThe Buddha said this:"}},{"id":"dn31:3","sourceIds":["dn31:3.1","dn31:3.2","dn31:3.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṁ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī\nubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko.\nSo kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati.","en":"“Householder’s son, a noble disciple gives up four corrupt deeds, doesn’t do bad deeds on four grounds, and avoids six drains on wealth. When they’ve left these fourteen bad things behind they have the six directions covered.\nThey’re practicing to win in both worlds, and they succeed in this world and the next.\nWhen their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm."}},{"id":"dn31:3.4","sourceIds":["dn31:3.4.0"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"2. Cattāro kammakilesā","en":"2. Four Corrupt Deeds"}},{"id":"dn31:3-from-dn31-3.5","sourceIds":["dn31:3.5","dn31:3.6","dn31:3.7","dn31:3.8","dn31:3.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti?\nPāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṁ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso.\nImassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"What four corrupt deeds have they given up?\nKilling living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, and lying: these are corrupt deeds.\nThese are the four corrupt deeds they’ve given up.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:4","sourceIds":["dn31:4.1","dn31:4.2","dn31:4.3","dn31:4.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṁ,\nMusāvādo ca vuccati;\nParadāragamanañceva,\nNappasaṁsanti paṇḍitā”ti.","en":"“Killing, stealing,\ntelling lies,\nand committing adultery:\nastute people don’t praise these things.”"}},{"id":"dn31:5","sourceIds":["dn31:5.0","dn31:5.1","dn31:5.2","dn31:5.3","dn31:5.4","dn31:5.5","dn31:5.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"3. Catuṭhānaṁ\n“Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti?\nChandāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, dosāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, mohāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, bhayāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti.\nYato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṁ gacchati, na dosāgatiṁ gacchati, na mohāgatiṁ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṁ gacchati;\nimehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karotī”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"3. Four Grounds\n“On what four grounds do they not do bad deeds?\nOne does bad deeds prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice.\nWhen a noble disciple is not prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice,\nthey don’t do bad deeds on these four grounds.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:6","sourceIds":["dn31:6.1","dn31:6.2","dn31:6.3","dn31:6.4","dn31:6.5","dn31:6.6","dn31:6.7","dn31:6.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Chandā dosā bhayā mohā,\nyo dhammaṁ ativattati;\nNihīyati yaso tassa,\nkāḷapakkheva candimā.\nChandā dosā bhayā mohā,\nyo dhammaṁ nātivattati;\nĀpūrati yaso tassa,\nsukkapakkheva candimā”ti.","en":"“If you act against the teaching\nout of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, or stupidity,\nyour fame shrinks,\nlike the moon in the waning fortnight.\nIf you don’t act against the teaching\nout of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, and stupidity,\nyour fame swells,\nlike the moon in the waxing fortnight.”"}},{"id":"dn31:7","sourceIds":["dn31:7.0","dn31:7.1","dn31:7.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"4. Cha apāyamukhāni\n“Katamāni cha bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati?\nSurāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, samajjābhicaraṇaṁ bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, ālasyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ.","en":"4. Six Drains on Wealth\n“What six drains on wealth do they avoid?\nHabitually engaging in the following things is a drain on wealth: beer, wine, and liquor intoxicants; roaming the street markets at night; frequenting festivals; gambling; bad friends; laziness."}},{"id":"dn31:8","sourceIds":["dn31:8.0","dn31:8.1","dn31:8.2","dn31:8.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"5. Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.\nSandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṁ āyatanaṁ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṁsanī, paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṁ padaṁ bhavati.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.","en":"5. Six Drawbacks of Drinking\nThere are these six drawbacks of habitually consuming intoxicants of beer, wine, and liquor.\nImmediate loss of wealth, promotion of quarrels, susceptibility to illness, disrepute, indecent exposure; and weakened wisdom is the sixth thing.\nThese are the six drawbacks of habitually consuming intoxicants of beer, wine, and liquor."}},{"id":"dn31:9","sourceIds":["dn31:9.0","dn31:9.1","dn31:9.2","dn31:9.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"6. Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.\nAttāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyampissa aguttaṁ arakkhitaṁ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu, abhūtavacanañca tasmiṁ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṁ purakkhato hoti.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.","en":"6. Six Drawbacks of Roaming the Street Markets at Night\nThere are these six drawbacks of roaming the street markets at night.\nYourself, your partners and children, and your property are all left unguarded. You’re suspected of bad deeds. Untrue rumors spread about you. You’re at the forefront of many things that entail suffering.\nThese are the six drawbacks of roaming the street markets at night."}},{"id":"dn31:10","sourceIds":["dn31:10.0","dn31:10.1","dn31:10.2","dn31:10.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"7. Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.\nKva naccaṁ, kva gītaṁ, kva vāditaṁ, kva akkhānaṁ, kva pāṇissaraṁ, kva kumbhathunanti.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.","en":"7. Six Drawbacks of Festivals\nThere are these six drawbacks of frequenting festivals.\nYou’re always thinking: ‘Where’s the dancing? Where’s the singing? Where’s the music? Where are the stories? Where’s the applause? Where are the kettledrums?’\nThese are the six drawbacks of frequenting festivals."}},{"id":"dn31:11","sourceIds":["dn31:11.0","dn31:11.1","dn31:11.2","dn31:11.3","dn31:11.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"8. Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.\nJayaṁ veraṁ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa vacanaṁ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṁ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṁ apatthito hoti:\n‘akkhadhutto ayaṁ purisapuggalo nālaṁ dārabharaṇāyā’ti.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.","en":"8. Six Drawbacks of Gambling\nThere are these six drawbacks of habitually gambling.\nVictory breeds enmity. The loser mourns their money. There is immediate loss of wealth. A gambler’s word carries no weight in public assembly. Friends and colleagues treat them with contempt. And no one wants to marry a gambler, for they think:\n‘This individual is a gambler—they’re not able to support a partner.’\nThese are the six drawbacks of habitually gambling."}},{"id":"dn31:12","sourceIds":["dn31:12.0","dn31:12.1","dn31:12.2","dn31:12.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"9. Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.\nYe dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.","en":"9. Six Drawbacks of Bad Friends\nThere are these six drawbacks of bad friends.\nYou become friends and companions with those who are addicts, carousers, drunkards, frauds, swindlers, and thugs.\nThese are the six drawbacks of bad friends."}},{"id":"dn31:13","sourceIds":["dn31:13.0","dn31:13.1","dn31:13.2","dn31:13.3","dn31:13.4","dn31:13.5","dn31:13.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"10. Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā\nCha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge.\nAtisītanti kammaṁ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṁ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṁ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṁ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti.\nTassa evaṁ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṁ gacchanti.\nIme kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"10. Six Drawbacks of Laziness\nThere are these six drawbacks of habitual laziness.\nYou don’t get your work done because you think: ‘It’s too cold! It’s too hot. It’s too late! It’s too early! I’m too hungry! I’m too full!’\nBy dwelling on so many excuses for not working, you don’t make any more money, and the money you already have runs out.\nThese are the six drawbacks of habitual laziness.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:14","sourceIds":["dn31:14.1","dn31:14.2","dn31:14.3","dn31:14.4","dn31:14.5","dn31:14.6","dn31:14.7","dn31:14.8","dn31:14.9","dn31:14.10","dn31:14.11","dn31:14.12","dn31:14.13","dn31:14.14","dn31:14.15","dn31:14.16","dn31:14.17","dn31:14.18","dn31:14.19","dn31:14.20","dn31:14.21","dn31:14.22","dn31:14.23","dn31:14.24","dn31:14.25","dn31:14.26","dn31:14.27","dn31:14.28","dn31:14.29","dn31:14.30","dn31:14.31","dn31:14.32","dn31:14.33","dn31:14.34","dn31:14.35","dn31:14.36"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Hoti pānasakhā nāma,\nhoti sammiyasammiyo;\nYo ca atthesu jātesu,\nsahāyo hoti so sakhā.\nUssūraseyyā paradārasevanā,\nVerappasavo ca anatthatā ca;\nPāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,\nEte cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.\nPāpamitto pāpasakho,\npāpaācāragocaro;\nAsmā lokā paramhā ca,\nubhayā dhaṁsate naro.\nAkkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṁ,\nDivā soppaṁ pāricariyā akāle;\nPāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,\nEte cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.\nAkkhehi dibbanti suraṁ pivanti,\nYantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṁ;\nNihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī,\nNihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.\nYo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,\nPipāso pivaṁ papāgato;\nUdakamiva iṇaṁ vigāhati,\nAkulaṁ kāhiti khippamattano.\nNa divā soppasīlena,\nrattimuṭṭhānadessinā;\nNiccaṁ mattena soṇḍena,\nsakkā āvasituṁ gharaṁ.\nAtisītaṁ atiuṇhaṁ,\natisāyamidaṁ ahu;\nIti vissaṭṭhakammante,\natthā accenti māṇave.\nYodha sītañca uṇhañca,\ntiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;\nKaraṁ purisakiccāni,\nso sukhaṁ na vihāyatī”ti.","en":"“Some are just drinking buddies,\nsome call you their dear, dear friend;\nbut a friend in times of need\nis a comrade indeed.\nSleeping late, adultery,\nmaking enemies, harmfulness,\nbad friends, and avarice:\nthese six grounds ruin a person.\nWith bad friends, bad comrades,\nbad behavior and alms-resort,\na man falls to ruin\nin both this world and the next.\nDice, women, toddy, song and dance;\nsleeping by day and roaming at night;\nbad friends, and avarice:\nthese six grounds ruin a person.\nThey play dice and drink beer,\nand consort with women loved by others.\nAssociating with the worse, not the better,\nthey diminish like the waning moon.\nOne who is broke and destitute due to toddy,\nthirsty, drinking in the bar,\ndrowning in debt,\nwill quickly lose their way.\nWhen you’re in the habit of sleeping late,\nseeing night as time to rise,\nand always getting drunk,\nyou can’t keep up the household life.\n‘Too cold, too hot,\ntoo late,’ they say.\nWhen the young neglect their work like this,\nriches pass them by.\nBut one who considers heat and cold\nas no more than blades of grass—\nhe does his duties as a man,\nand happiness never fails.”"}},{"id":"dn31:15","sourceIds":["dn31:15.0","dn31:15.1","dn31:15.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"11. Mittapatirūpaka\n“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā.\nAññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.","en":"11. Fake Friends\n“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four enemies disguised as friends:\nthe taker, the talker, the flatterer, the spender."}},{"id":"dn31:16","sourceIds":["dn31:16.1","dn31:16.2","dn31:16.3","dn31:16.4","dn31:16.5","dn31:16.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.\nAññadatthuharo hoti,\nappena bahumicchati;\nBhayassa kiccaṁ karoti,\nsevati atthakāraṇā.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on four grounds.\nYour possessions end up theirs.\nGiving little, they expect a lot.\nThey do their duty out of fear.\nThey associate for their own advantage.\nYou can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:17","sourceIds":["dn31:17.1","dn31:17.2","dn31:17.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.\nAtītena paṭisantharati, anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṁ dasseti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds.\nThey’re hospitable in the past. They’re hospitable in the future. They’re full of meaningless pleasantries. When something needs doing in the present they point to their own misfortune.\nYou can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:18","sourceIds":["dn31:18.1","dn31:18.2","dn31:18.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.\nPāpakampissa anujānāti, kalyāṇampissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on four grounds.\nThey support you equally in doing bad and doing good. They praise you to your face, and put you down behind your back.\nYou can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:19","sourceIds":["dn31:19.1","dn31:19.2","dn31:19.3","dn31:19.4","dn31:19.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.\nSurāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on four grounds.\nThey accompany you when drinking, roaming the street markets at night, frequenting festivals, and gambling.\nYou can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on these four grounds.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:20","sourceIds":["dn31:20.1","dn31:20.2","dn31:20.3","dn31:20.4","dn31:20.5","dn31:20.6","dn31:20.7","dn31:20.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Aññadatthuharo mitto,\nyo ca mitto vacīparo;\nAnuppiyañca yo āha,\napāyesu ca yo sakhā.\nEte amitte cattāro,\niti viññāya paṇḍito;\nĀrakā parivajjeyya,\nmaggaṁ paṭibhayaṁ yathā”ti.","en":"“One friend is all take,\nanother all talk;\none’s just a flatterer,\nand one’s a comrade who spends.\nAn astute person understands\nthese four enemies for what they are\nand keeps them at a distance,\nas they’d shun a risky road.”"}},{"id":"dn31:21","sourceIds":["dn31:21.0","dn31:21.1","dn31:21.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"12. Suhadamitta\n“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā.\nUpakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.","en":"12. Good-Hearted Friends\n“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four good-hearted friends:\nthe helper, the friend in good times and bad, the counselor, and the one who’s sympathetic."}},{"id":"dn31:22","sourceIds":["dn31:22.1","dn31:22.2","dn31:22.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.\nPamattaṁ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṁ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṁ bhogaṁ anuppadeti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on four grounds.\nThey guard you when you’re negligent. They guard your property when you’re negligent. They keep you safe in times of danger. When something needs doing, they provide you with twice the money you need.\nYou can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:23","sourceIds":["dn31:23.1","dn31:23.2","dn31:23.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.\nGuyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṁpissa atthāya pariccattaṁ hoti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on four grounds.\nThey tell you secrets. They keep your secrets. They don’t abandon you in times of trouble. They’d even give their life for your welfare.\nYou can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:24","sourceIds":["dn31:24.1","dn31:24.2","dn31:24.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.\nPāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṁ sāveti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhati.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.","en":"You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on four grounds.\nThey keep you from doing bad. They support you in doing good. They teach you what you do not know. They explain the path to heaven.\nYou can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on these four grounds."}},{"id":"dn31:25","sourceIds":["dn31:25.1","dn31:25.2","dn31:25.3","dn31:25.4","dn31:25.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.\nAbhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ pasaṁsati.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on four grounds.\nThey don’t delight in your misfortune. They delight in your good fortune. They keep others from criticizing you. They encourage praise of you.\nYou can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on these four grounds.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:26","sourceIds":["dn31:26.1","dn31:26.2","dn31:26.3","dn31:26.4","dn31:26.5","dn31:26.6","dn31:26.7","dn31:26.8","dn31:26.9","dn31:26.10","dn31:26.11","dn31:26.12","dn31:26.13","dn31:26.14","dn31:26.15","dn31:26.16","dn31:26.17","dn31:26.18","dn31:26.19","dn31:26.20","dn31:26.21","dn31:26.22"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Upakāro ca yo mitto,\nsukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā;\nAtthakkhāyī ca yo mitto,\nyo ca mittānukampako.\nEtepi mitte cattāro,\niti viññāya paṇḍito;\nSakkaccaṁ payirupāseyya,\nmātā puttaṁva orasaṁ;\nPaṇḍito sīlasampanno,\njalaṁ aggīva bhāsati.\nBhoge saṁharamānassa,\nbhamarasseva irīyato;\nBhogā sannicayaṁ yanti,\nvammikovupacīyati.\nEvaṁ bhoge samāhatvā,\nalamatto kule gihī;\nCatudhā vibhaje bhoge,\nsa ve mittāni ganthati.\nEkena bhoge bhuñjeyya,\ndvīhi kammaṁ payojaye;\nCatutthañca nidhāpeyya,\nāpadāsu bhavissatī”ti.","en":"“A friend who’s a helper,\none the same in both pleasure and pain,\na friend of good counsel,\nand one of sympathy;\nan astute person understands\nthese four friends for what they are\nand carefully looks after them,\nlike a mother the child at her breast.\nThe astute and virtuous\nshine like a burning flame.\nThey pick up riches as bees\nroaming round pick up pollen.\nAnd their riches proceed to grow,\nlike a termite mound piling up.\nIn gathering wealth like this,\na householder does enough for their family.\nAnd they’d hold on to friends\nby dividing their wealth in four.\nOne portion is to enjoy.\nTwo parts invest in work.\nAnd the fourth should be kept\nfor times of trouble.”"}},{"id":"dn31:27","sourceIds":["dn31:27.0","dn31:27.1","dn31:27.2","dn31:27.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"13. Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍa\n“Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti?\nCha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā.\nPuratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.","en":"13. Covering the Six Directions\n“And how, householder’s son, does a noble disciple cover the six directions?\nThese six directions should be recognized:\nparents as the east, tutors as the south, partner and children as the west, friends and colleagues as the north, bondservants and workers as beneath, and ascetics and brahmins as above."}},{"id":"dn31:28","sourceIds":["dn31:28.1","dn31:28.2","dn31:28.3","dn31:28.4","dn31:28.5","dn31:28.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\nbhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṁ nesaṁ karissāmi, kulavaṁsaṁ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṁ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṁ kālaṅkatānaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ anuppadassāmīti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti.\nPāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṁ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṁyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṁ niyyādenti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti.\nEvamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.","en":"A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking:\n‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’\nParents served by the children in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.\nThey keep them from doing bad. They support them in doing good. They train them in a profession. They connect them with a suitable partner. They transfer the inheritance in due time.\nParents served by their children in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.\nAnd that’s how the eastern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril."}},{"id":"dn31:29","sourceIds":["dn31:29.1","dn31:29.2","dn31:29.3","dn31:29.4","dn31:29.5","dn31:29.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\nuṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṁ sippapaṭiggahaṇena.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti—\nsuvinītaṁ vinenti, suggahitaṁ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṁ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti, disāsu parittāṇaṁ karonti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti.\nEvamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.","en":"A pupil should serve their tutor as the southern quarter in five ways:\nby rising for them, by serving them, by listening well, by looking after them, and by carefully learning their profession.\nTutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.\nThey make sure they’re well educated and well drilled in memorization. They clearly explain all the knowledge of the profession. They introduce them to their friends and colleagues. They provide protection in every region.\nTutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.\nAnd that’s how the southern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril."}},{"id":"dn31:30","sourceIds":["dn31:30.1","dn31:30.2","dn31:30.3","dn31:30.4","dn31:30.5","dn31:30.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\nsammānanāya anavamānanāya anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati—\nsusaṁvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati.\nEvamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.","en":"A husband should serve his wife as the western quarter in five ways:\nby treating her with honor, by not looking down on her, by not being unfaithful, by relinquishing authority to her, and by presenting her with adornments.\nA wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in five ways.\nShe’s well-organized in her work. She manages the domestic help. She’s not unfaithful. She preserves his earnings. She’s deft and tireless in all her duties.\nA wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in these five ways.\nAnd that’s how the western quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril."}},{"id":"dn31:31","sourceIds":["dn31:31.1","dn31:31.2","dn31:31.3","dn31:31.4","dn31:31.5","dn31:31.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\ndānena peyyavajjena atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṁvādanatāya.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—\npamattaṁ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṁ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti.\nEvamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.","en":"A gentleman should serve his friends and colleagues as the northern quarter in five ways:\ngiving, kindly words, taking care, equality, and not using tricky words.\nFriends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.\nThey guard him when they’re negligent. They guard his property when they’re negligent. They keep him safe in times of danger. They don’t abandon him in times of trouble. They honor his descendants.\nFriends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.\nAnd that’s how the northern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril."}},{"id":"dn31:32","sourceIds":["dn31:32.1","dn31:32.2","dn31:32.3","dn31:32.4","dn31:32.5","dn31:32.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\nyathābalaṁ kammantasaṁvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṁ rasānaṁ saṁvibhāgena samaye vossaggena.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti—\npubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti.\nEvamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.","en":"A master should serve their bondservants and workers as the lower quarter in five ways:\nby organizing work according to ability, by paying food and wages, by nursing them when sick, by sharing special treats, and by giving time off work.\nBondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.\nThey get up first, and go to bed last. They don’t steal. They do their work well. And they promote a good reputation.\nBondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.\nAnd that’s how the lower quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril."}},{"id":"dn31:33","sourceIds":["dn31:33.1","dn31:33.2","dn31:33.3","dn31:33.4","dn31:33.5","dn31:33.6","dn31:33.7","dn31:33.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—\nmettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—\npāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṁ sāventi, sutaṁ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhanti.\nImehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti.\nEvamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nIdaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:","en":"A gentleman should serve ascetics and brahmins as the upper quarter in five ways:\nby loving deeds of body, speech, and mind, by not turning them away at the gate, and by providing them with material needs.\nAscetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in six ways.\nThey keep him from doing bad. They support him in doing good. They think of him with kindly thoughts. They teach him what he does not know. They clarify what he’s already learned. They explain the path to heaven.\nAscetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these six ways.\nAnd that’s how the upper quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nThen the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:"}},{"id":"dn31:34","sourceIds":["dn31:34.1","dn31:34.2","dn31:34.3","dn31:34.4","dn31:34.5","dn31:34.6","dn31:34.7","dn31:34.8","dn31:34.9","dn31:34.10","dn31:34.11","dn31:34.12","dn31:34.13","dn31:34.14","dn31:34.15","dn31:34.16","dn31:34.17","dn31:34.18","dn31:34.19","dn31:34.20","dn31:34.21","dn31:34.22","dn31:34.23","dn31:34.24","dn31:34.25","dn31:34.26","dn31:34.27","dn31:34.28","dn31:34.29","dn31:34.30","dn31:34.31","dn31:34.32","dn31:34.33","dn31:34.34"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Mātāpitā disā pubbā,\nācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;\nPuttadārā disā pacchā,\nmittāmaccā ca uttarā.\nDāsakammakarā heṭṭhā,\nuddhaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;\nEtā disā namasseyya,\nalamatto kule gihī.\nPaṇḍito sīlasampanno,\nsaṇho ca paṭibhānavā;\nNivātavutti atthaddho,\ntādiso labhate yasaṁ.\nUṭṭhānako analaso,\nāpadāsu na vedhati;\nAcchinnavutti medhāvī,\ntādiso labhate yasaṁ.\nSaṅgāhako mittakaro,\nvadaññū vītamaccharo;\nNetā vinetā anunetā,\ntādiso labhate yasaṁ.\nDānañca peyyavajjañca,\natthacariyā ca yā idha;\nSamānattatā ca dhammesu,\ntattha tattha yathārahaṁ;\nEte kho saṅgahā loke,\nrathassāṇīva yāyato.\nEte ca saṅgahā nāssu,\nna mātā puttakāraṇā;\nLabhetha mānaṁ pūjaṁ vā,\npitā vā puttakāraṇā.\nYasmā ca saṅgahā ete,\nsammapekkhanti paṇḍitā;\nTasmā mahattaṁ papponti,\npāsaṁsā ca bhavanti te”ti.","en":"“Parents are the east,\ntutors the south,\nwives and child the west,\nfriends and colleagues the north,\nservants and workers below,\nand ascetics and brahmins above.\nBy honoring these quarters\na householder does enough for their family.\nThe astute and the virtuous,\nthe gentle and the articulate,\nthe placid in manner and the amenable:\nthey’re the kind who win glory.\nThe diligent, not lazy,\nthose not disturbed by troubles,\nthose consistent in conduct, the intelligent:\nthey’re the kind who win glory.\nThe inclusive, the makers of friends,\nthe bountiful, those rid of stinginess,\nthose who lead, train, and persuade:\nthey’re the kind who win glory.\nGiving and kindly words,\ntaking care here,\nand treating equally in worldly conditions,\nas they deserve in each case;\nthese ways of being inclusive in the world\nare like a moving chariot’s linchpin.\nIf there were no such ways of being inclusive,\nneither mother nor father\nwould be respected and honored\nfor what they’ve done for their children.\nBut since these ways of being inclusive do exist,\nthe astute do regard them well,\nso they achieve greatness\nand are praised.”"}},{"id":"dn31:35","sourceIds":["dn31:35.1","dn31:35.2","dn31:35.3","dn31:35.4","dn31:35.5","dn31:35.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“abhikkantaṁ, bhante, abhikkantaṁ, bhante.\nSeyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.\nEsāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.\nUpāsakaṁ maṁ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.\nSiṅgālasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.","en":"When this was said, Sigālaka the householder’s son said to the Buddha,\n“Excellent, sir! Excellent!\nAs if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.\nI go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.\nFrom this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/dn31/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}