{"id":"iti99","title":"The Three Knowledges","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"iti99","title":"The Three Knowledges","units":[{"id":"iti99:0","sourceIds":["iti99:0.1","iti99:0.2","iti99:0.3","iti99:0.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Itivuttaka 99\nTikanipāta\nPañcamavagga\nTevijjasutta","en":"So It Was Said 99\nThe Book of the Threes\nChapter Five\nThe Three Knowledges"}},{"id":"iti99:1","sourceIds":["iti99:1.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:","en":"This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard."}},{"id":"iti99:2","sourceIds":["iti99:2.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Dhammenāhaṁ, bhikkhave, tevijjaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ paññāpemi, nāññaṁ lapitalāpanamattena.","en":"“Mendicants, I define a brahmin in terms of the teaching as one who is master of the three knowledges, not the other who merely repeats what they are told."}},{"id":"iti99:3","sourceIds":["iti99:3.1","iti99:3.2","iti99:3.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañcāhaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammena tevijjaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ paññāpemi, nāññaṁ lapitalāpanamattena?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati, seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṁsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṁvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṁvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe: ‘amutrāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto amutra udapādiṁ. Tatrāpāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati.\nAyamassa paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.","en":"How so?\nIt’s when a mendicant recollects many kinds of past lives. That is: one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, a hundred, a thousand, a hundred thousand rebirths; many eons of the world contracting, many eons of the world expanding, many eons of the world contracting and expanding. They remember: ‘There, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn somewhere else. There, too, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn here.’ And so they recollect their many kinds of past lives, with features and details.\nThis is the first knowledge they achieved. Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute."}},{"id":"iti99:4","sourceIds":["iti99:4.1","iti99:4.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti: ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.\nAyamassa dutiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.","en":"Furthermore, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, a mendicant sees sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds: ‘These dear beings did bad things by way of body, speech, and mind. They denounced the noble ones; they had wrong view; and they chose to act out of that wrong view. When their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. These dear beings, however, did good things by way of body, speech, and mind. They never denounced the noble ones; they had right view; and they chose to act out of that right view. When their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.’ And so, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds.\nThis is the second knowledge they achieved. Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute."}},{"id":"iti99:5","sourceIds":["iti99:5.1","iti99:5.2","iti99:5.3","iti99:5.4","iti99:5.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.\nAyamassa tatiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.\nEvaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammena tevijjaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ paññāpemi, nāññaṁ lapitalāpanamattenā”ti.\nEtamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca.\nTatthetaṁ iti vuccati:","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant realizes the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.\nThis is the third knowledge which they achieved. Ignorance was banished and knowledge arose; darkness was banished and light arose, as happens for a meditator who is diligent, keen, and resolute.\nThat’s how I define a brahmin in terms of the teaching as one who is master of the three knowledges, not the other who merely repeats what they are told.”\nThe Buddha spoke this matter.\nOn this it is said:"}},{"id":"iti99:6","sourceIds":["iti99:6.1","iti99:6.2","iti99:6.3","iti99:6.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Pubbenivāsaṁ yoveti,\nsaggāpāyañca passati;\nAtho jātikkhayaṁ patto,\nabhiññāvosito muni.","en":"“One who knows their past lives,\nsees heaven and places of loss,\nand has attained the end of rebirth,\nis a sage of perfect insight."}},{"id":"iti99:7","sourceIds":["iti99:7.1","iti99:7.2","iti99:7.3","iti99:7.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Etāhi tīhi vijjāhi,\ntevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo;\nTamahaṁ vadāmi tevijjaṁ,\nnāññaṁ lapitalāpanan”ti.","en":"Because of these three knowledges\na brahmin is a master of the three knowledges.\nThat’s who I call a three-knowledge master,\nand not the other who repeats what they are told.”"}},{"id":"iti99:8","sourceIds":["iti99:8.1","iti99:8.2","iti99:8.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.\nDasamaṁ.\nPañcamo vaggo.","en":"This too is a matter that was spoken by the Blessed One: that is what I heard."}},{"id":"iti99:9","sourceIds":["iti99:9.0","iti99:9.1","iti99:9.2","iti99:9.3","iti99:9.4","iti99:9.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassuddānaṁ\nPasāda jīvita saṅghāṭi,\naggi upaparikkhayā;\nUpapatti kāma kalyāṇaṁ,\ndānaṁ dhammena te dasāti.\nTikanipāto niṭṭhito."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/iti99/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}