{"id":"mn108","title":"With Moggallāna the Guardian","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"mn108","title":"With Moggallāna the Guardian","units":[{"id":"mn108:0","sourceIds":["mn108:0.1","mn108:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Majjhima Nikāya 108\nGopakamoggallānasutta","en":"Middle Discourses 108\nWith Moggallāna the Guardian"}},{"id":"mn108:1","sourceIds":["mn108:1.1","mn108:1.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā ānando rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe aciraparinibbute bhagavati.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time Venerable Ānanda was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. It was not long after the Buddha had become fully quenched."}},{"id":"mn108:2","sourceIds":["mn108:2.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājagahaṁ paṭisaṅkhārāpeti rañño pajjotassa āsaṅkamāno.","en":"Now at that time King Ajātasattu of Magadha, son of the princess of Videha, being suspicious of King Pajjota, was having Rājagaha fortified."}},{"id":"mn108:3","sourceIds":["mn108:3.1","mn108:3.2","mn108:3.3","mn108:3.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.\nAtha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi:\n“atippago kho tāva rājagahe piṇḍāya carituṁ.\nYannūnāhaṁ yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkameyyan”ti.","en":"Then Venerable Ānanda robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.\nThen it occurred to him,\n“It’s too early to wander for alms in Rājagaha.\nWhy don’t I go to see the brahmin Moggallāna the Guardian at his place of work?”"}},{"id":"mn108:4","sourceIds":["mn108:4.1","mn108:4.2","mn108:4.3","mn108:4.4","mn108:4.5","mn108:4.6","mn108:4.7","mn108:4.8","mn108:4.9","mn108:4.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami.\nAddasā kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ.\nDisvāna āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:\n“etu kho bhavaṁ ānando.\nSvāgataṁ bhoto ānandassa.\nCirassaṁ kho bhavaṁ ānando imaṁ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṁ idhāgamanāya.\nNisīdatu bhavaṁ ānando, idamāsanaṁ paññattan”ti.\nNisīdi kho āyasmā ānando paññatte āsane.\nGopakamoggallānopi kho brāhmaṇo aññataraṁ nīcaṁ āsanaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.\nEkamantaṁ nisinno kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:","en":"So that’s what he did.\nMoggallāna the Guardian saw Ānanda coming off in the distance\nand said to him,\n“Come, worthy Ānanda!\nWelcome, worthy Ānanda!\nIt’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here.\nPlease, sir, sit down, here, a seat is ready.”\nĀnanda sat down on the seat spread out,\nwhile Moggallāna took a low seat and sat to one side.\nThen he said to Ānanda,"}},{"id":"mn108:5","sourceIds":["mn108:5.1","mn108:5.2","mn108:5.3","mn108:5.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṁ sabbathāsabbaṁ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhavaṁ gotamo ahosi arahaṁ sammāsambuddho”ti?\n“Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṁ sabbathāsabbaṁ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṁ sammāsambuddho.\nSo hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido;\nmaggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā”ti.","en":"“Worthy Ānanda, is there even a single mendicant who has all the same qualities in each and every way as possessed by the worthy Gotama, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha?”\n“No, brahmin, there is not.\nFor the Blessed One gave rise to the unarisen path, gave birth to the unborn path, and explained the unexplained path. He is the knower of the path, the discoverer of the path, the expert on the path.\nAnd now the disciples live following the path; they acquire it later.”"}},{"id":"mn108:6","sourceIds":["mn108:6.1","mn108:6.2","mn108:6.3","mn108:6.4","mn108:6.5","mn108:6.6","mn108:6.7","mn108:6.8","mn108:6.9","mn108:6.10","mn108:6.11","mn108:6.12"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ayañca hidaṁ āyasmato ānandassa gopakamoggallānena brāhmaṇena saddhiṁ antarākathā vippakatā ahosi.\nAtha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto rājagahe kammante anusaññāyamāno yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:\n“kāya nuttha, bho ānanda, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?\n“Idha maṁ, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo evamāha:\n‘atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṁ sabbathāsabbaṁ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhavaṁ gotamo ahosi arahaṁ sammāsambuddho’ti.\nEvaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallānaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocaṁ:\n‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṁ sabbathāsabbaṁ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṁ sammāsambuddho.\nSo hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido;\nmaggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā’ti.\nAyaṁ kho no, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallānena brāhmaṇena saddhiṁ antarākathā vippakatā.\nAtha tvaṁ anuppatto”ti.","en":"But this conversation between Ānanda and Moggallāna the Guardian was left unfinished.\nFor just then the brahmin Vassakāra, a chief minister of Magadha, while supervising the work at Rājagaha, approached Ānanda at Moggallāna’s place of work and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to Ānanda,\n“Worthy Ānanda, what were you sitting talking about just now? What conversation was left unfinished?”\nSo Ānanda told him of the conversation that they were having when Vassakāra arrived. Vassakāra said:"}},{"id":"mn108:7","sourceIds":["mn108:7.1","mn108:7.2","mn108:7.3","mn108:7.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito:\n‘ayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti, yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā”ti?\n“Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito:\n‘ayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti, yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā”ti.","en":"“Worthy Ānanda, is there even a single mendicant who was appointed by the worthy Gotama, saying:\n‘This one will be your refuge when I have passed away,’ to whom you would now turn?”\n“No, there is not.”"}},{"id":"mn108:8","sourceIds":["mn108:8.1","mn108:8.2","mn108:8.3","mn108:8.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito:\n‘ayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti, yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā”ti?\n“Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito:\n‘ayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti, yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā”ti.","en":"“But is there even a single mendicant who has been elected to such a position by the Saṅgha and appointed by several senior mendicants?”\n“No, there is not.”"}},{"id":"mn108:9","sourceIds":["mn108:9.1","mn108:9.2","mn108:9.3","mn108:9.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Evaṁ appaṭisaraṇe ca pana, bho ānanda, ko hetu sāmaggiyā”ti?\n“Na kho mayaṁ, brāhmaṇa, appaṭisaraṇā;\nsappaṭisaraṇā mayaṁ, brāhmaṇa;\ndhammappaṭisaraṇā”ti.","en":"“But since you lack a refuge, worthy Ānanda, what’s the reason for your harmony?”\n“We don’t lack a refuge, brahmin,\nwe have a refuge.\nThe teaching is our refuge.”"}},{"id":"mn108:10","sourceIds":["mn108:10.1","mn108:10.2","mn108:10.3","mn108:10.4","mn108:10.5","mn108:10.6","mn108:10.7","mn108:10.8","mn108:10.9","mn108:10.10","mn108:10.11","mn108:10.12","mn108:10.13","mn108:10.14","mn108:10.15","mn108:10.16","mn108:10.17","mn108:10.18","mn108:10.19"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“‘Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito—\nayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti, yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti—\niti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito—\nayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti, yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi;\n‘atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito—\nayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti, yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti—\niti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito—\nayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti, yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti—\nvadesi;\n‘evaṁ appaṭisaraṇe ca pana, bho ānanda, ko hetu sāmaggiyā’ti iti puṭṭho samāno ‘na kho mayaṁ, brāhmaṇa, appaṭisaraṇā;\nsappaṭisaraṇā mayaṁ, brāhmaṇa;\ndhammappaṭisaraṇā’ti vadesi.\nImassa pana, bho ānanda, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?\n“Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, pātimokkhaṁ uddiṭṭhaṁ.\nTe mayaṁ tadahuposathe yāvatikā ekaṁ gāmakhettaṁ upanissāya viharāma te sabbe ekajjhaṁ sannipatāma;\nsannipatitvā yassa taṁ pavattati taṁ ajjhesāma.\nTasmiñce bhaññamāne hoti bhikkhussa āpatti hoti vītikkamo taṁ mayaṁ yathādhammaṁ yathānusiṭṭhaṁ kāremāti.\nNa kira no bhavanto kārenti;\ndhammo no kāreti”.","en":"“But Worthy Ānanda, when asked whether there was even a single mendicant—either appointed by the worthy Gotama,\nor elected by the Saṅgha and appointed by several senior mendicants—\nwho serves as your refuge after the Buddha passed away, to whom you now turn,\nyou replied, ‘No, there is not.’\nBut you say that the reason for your harmony is that you have\nthe teaching as a refuge.\nHow should I see the meaning of this statement?”\n“The Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha laid down training rules and recited the monastic code for the mendicants.\nOn the day of the sabbath all of us who live in dependence on one village district gather together as one.\nWe invite one who transmits the code to recite it.\nIf anyone remembers an offense or transgression while they’re reciting, we make them act in line with the teaching and in line with the instructions.\nIt’s not the good fellows who make us act,\nit’s the teaching that makes us act.”"}},{"id":"mn108:11","sourceIds":["mn108:11.1","mn108:11.2","mn108:11.3","mn108:11.4","mn108:11.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi yaṁ tumhe etarahi sakkarotha garuṁ karotha mānetha pūjetha; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharathā”ti?\n“Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi sakkaroma garuṁ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharāmā”ti.\n“‘Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito—\nayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti—\niti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito—","en":"“Worthy Ānanda, is there even a single mendicant who you honor, respect, revere, venerate, and rely on?”\n“There is not, brahmin.”\n“Worthy Ānanda, when asked whether there was even a single mendicant—either appointed by the worthy Gotama,"}},{"id":"mn108:12","sourceIds":["mn108:12.1","mn108:12.2","mn108:12.3","mn108:12.4","mn108:12.5","mn108:12.6","mn108:12.7","mn108:12.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"ayaṁ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi;\n‘atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito—\nayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti yaṁ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti—\niti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito—\nayaṁ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṁ bhavissatīti yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi;\n‘atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi yaṁ tumhe etarahi sakkarotha garuṁ karotha mānetha pūjetha; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharathā’ti—\niti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi yaṁ mayaṁ etarahi sakkaroma garuṁ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharāmā’ti vadesi.\nImassa pana, bho ānanda, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?","en":"or elected by the Saṅgha and appointed by several senior mendicants—\nwho serves as your refuge after the Buddha passed away, to whom you now turn,\nyou replied, ‘No, there is not.’\nAnd when asked whether there is even a single mendicant who you honor, respect, revere, venerate, and rely on,\nyou replied, ‘There is not.’\nHow should I see the meaning of this statement?”"}},{"id":"mn108:13","sourceIds":["mn108:13.1","mn108:13.2","mn108:13.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa pasādanīyā dhammā akkhātā.\nYasmiṁ no ime dhammā saṁvijjanti taṁ mayaṁ etarahi sakkaroma garuṁ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharāma.\nKatame dasa?","en":"“There are ten inspiring things explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.\nWe honor anyone in whom these things are found.\nWhat ten?"}},{"id":"mn108:14","sourceIds":["mn108:14.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu.","en":"It’s when a mendicant is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken."}},{"id":"mn108:15","sourceIds":["mn108:15.1","mn108:15.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo.\nYe te dhammā ādikalyāṇā, majjhekalyāṇā, pariyosānakalyāṇā, sātthaṁ, sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā.","en":"They’re very learned, remembering and keeping what they’ve learned.\nThese teachings are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased, describing a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. They are very learned in such teachings, remembering them, rehearsing them, mentally scrutinizing them, and penetrating them theoretically."}},{"id":"mn108:16","sourceIds":["mn108:16.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Santuṭṭho hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.","en":"They’re content with robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick."}},{"id":"mn108:17","sourceIds":["mn108:17.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Catunnaṁ jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.","en":"They get the four absorptions—blissful meditations in this life that belong to the higher mind—when they want, without trouble or difficulty."}},{"id":"mn108:18","sourceIds":["mn108:18.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti—ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṁ tirobhāvaṁ; tirokuṭṭaṁ tiropākāraṁ tiropabbataṁ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṁ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṁ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṁmahiddhike evaṁmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati parimajjati, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti.","en":"They wield the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful. They control the body as far as the realm of divinity."}},{"id":"mn108:19","sourceIds":["mn108:19.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti—dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.","en":"With clairaudience that is purified and superhuman, they hear both kinds of sounds, human and heavenly, whether near or far."}},{"id":"mn108:20","sourceIds":["mn108:20.1","mn108:20.2","mn108:20.3","mn108:20.4","mn108:20.5","mn108:20.6","mn108:20.7","mn108:20.8","mn108:20.9","mn108:20.10","mn108:20.11","mn108:20.12","mn108:20.13","mn108:20.14","mn108:20.15","mn108:20.16","mn108:20.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti.\nSarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nvītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nsadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nvītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nsamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nvītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītamohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nsaṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘saṅkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nvikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vikkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nmahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘mahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\namahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘amahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nsauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sauttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nanuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘anuttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nsamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nasamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘asamāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\nvimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti,\navimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.","en":"They understand the minds of other beings and individuals, having encompassed them with their own mind.\nThey understand mind with greed as ‘mind with greed’,\nand mind without greed as ‘mind without greed’.\nThey understand mind with hate …\nmind without hate …\nmind with delusion …\nmind without delusion …\nconstricted mind …\nscattered mind …\nexpansive mind …\nunexpansive mind …\nmind that is not supreme …\nmind that is supreme …\nmind immersed in samādhi …\nmind not immersed in samādhi …\nfreed mind …\nThey understand unfreed mind as ‘unfreed mind’."}},{"id":"mn108:21","sourceIds":["mn108:21.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati, seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṁsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṁvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṁvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe: ‘amutrāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṁ; tatrāpāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati.","en":"They recollect many kinds of past lives. That is: one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, a hundred, a thousand, a hundred thousand rebirths; many eons of the world contracting, many eons of the world expanding, many eons of the world contracting and expanding. They remember: ‘There, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn somewhere else. There, too, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn here.’ And so they recollect their many kinds of past lives, with features and details."}},{"id":"mn108:22","sourceIds":["mn108:22.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.","en":"With clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds."}},{"id":"mn108:23","sourceIds":["mn108:23.1","mn108:23.2","mn108:23.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.\nIme kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa pasādanīyā dhammā akkhātā.\nYasmiṁ no ime dhammā saṁvijjanti taṁ mayaṁ etarahi sakkaroma garuṁ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṁ katvā upanissāya viharāmā”ti.","en":"They realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.\nThese are the ten inspiring things explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.\nWe honor anyone in whom these things are found, and rely on them.”"}},{"id":"mn108:24","sourceIds":["mn108:24.1","mn108:24.2","mn108:24.3","mn108:24.4","mn108:24.5","mn108:24.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto upanandaṁ senāpatiṁ āmantesi:\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññati bhavaṁ senāpati yadime bhonto sakkātabbaṁ sakkaronti, garuṁ kātabbaṁ garuṁ karonti,\nmānetabbaṁ mānenti, pūjetabbaṁ pūjenti”?\n“Tagghime bhonto sakkātabbaṁ sakkaronti, garuṁ kātabbaṁ garuṁ karonti, mānetabbaṁ mānenti, pūjetabbaṁ pūjenti.\nImañca hi te bhonto na sakkareyyuṁ na garuṁ kareyyuṁ na māneyyuṁ na pūjeyyuṁ;\natha kiñcarahi te bhonto sakkareyyuṁ garuṁ kareyyuṁ māneyyuṁ pūjeyyuṁ, sakkatvā garuṁ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā upanissāya vihareyyun”ti?","en":"When he had spoken, Vassakāra addressed General Upananda,\n“What do you think, general?\nDo these venerables honor, respect, revere, and venerate those who are worthy?”\n“Indeed they do.\nFor if these venerables were not to honor, respect, revere, and venerate them,\nwho then would they honor?”"}},{"id":"mn108:25","sourceIds":["mn108:25.1","mn108:25.2","mn108:25.3","mn108:25.4","mn108:25.5","mn108:25.6","mn108:25.7","mn108:25.8","mn108:25.9","mn108:25.10","mn108:25.11","mn108:25.12"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:\n“kahaṁ pana bhavaṁ ānando etarahi viharatī”ti?\n“Veḷuvane khohaṁ, brāhmaṇa, etarahi viharāmī”ti.\n“Kacci pana, bho ānanda, veḷuvanaṁ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṁ manussarāhasseyyakaṁ paṭisallānasāruppan”ti?\n“Taggha, brāhmaṇa, veḷuvanaṁ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṁ manussarāhasseyyakaṁ paṭisallānasāruppaṁ, yathā taṁ tumhādisehi rakkhakehi gopakehī”ti.\n“Taggha, bho ānanda, veḷuvanaṁ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṁ manussarāhasseyyakaṁ paṭisallānasāruppaṁ, yathā taṁ bhavantehi jhāyīhi jhānasīlīhi.\nJhāyino ceva bhavanto jhānasīlino ca.\nEkamidāhaṁ, bho ānanda, samayaṁ so bhavaṁ gotamo vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ.\nAtha khvāhaṁ, bho ānanda, yena mahāvanaṁ kūṭāgārasālā yena so bhavaṁ gotamo tenupasaṅkamiṁ.\nTatra ca pana so bhavaṁ gotamo anekapariyāyena jhānakathaṁ kathesi.\nJhāyī ceva so bhavaṁ gotamo ahosi jhānasīlī ca.\nSabbañca pana so bhavaṁ gotamo jhānaṁ vaṇṇesī”ti.","en":"Then Vassakāra said to Ānanda,\n“Where are you staying at present?”\n“In the Bamboo Grove, brahmin.”\n“I hope the Bamboo Grove is delightful, quiet and still, far from the madding crowd, remote from human settlements, and fit for retreat?”\n“Indeed it is, brahmin. And it is like that owing to such protectors and guardians as yourself.”\n“Surely, worthy Ānanda, it is owing to the good fellows who meditate, making a habit of meditating.\nFor the good fellows do in fact meditate and make a habit of meditating.\nThis one time, worthy Ānanda, worthy Gotama was staying near Vesālī, at the Great Wood, in the hall with the peaked roof.\nSo I went there to see him.\nAnd there he spoke about meditation in many ways.\nHe meditated, and made a habit of meditating.\nAnd he praised all kinds of meditation.”"}},{"id":"mn108:26","sourceIds":["mn108:26.1","mn108:26.2","mn108:26.3","mn108:26.4","mn108:26.5","mn108:26.6","mn108:26.7","mn108:26.8","mn108:26.9","mn108:26.10","mn108:26.11","mn108:26.12","mn108:26.13"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Na ca kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā sabbaṁ jhānaṁ vaṇṇesi, napi so bhagavā sabbaṁ jhānaṁ na vaṇṇesīti.\nKathaṁ rūpañca, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṁ na vaṇṇesi?\nIdha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati kāmarāgaparetena, uppannassa ca kāmarāgassa nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti;\nso kāmarāgaṁyeva antaraṁ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati.\nByāpādapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati byāpādaparetena, uppannassa ca byāpādassa nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti;\nso byāpādaṁyeva antaraṁ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati.\nThinamiddhapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati thinamiddhaparetena, uppannassa ca thinamiddhassa nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti;\nso thinamiddhaṁyeva antaraṁ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati.\nUddhaccakukkuccapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati uddhaccakukkuccaparetena, uppannassa ca uddhaccakukkuccassa nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti;\nso uddhaccakukkuccaṁyeva antaraṁ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati.\nVicikicchāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati vicikicchāparetena, uppannāya ca vicikicchāya nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti;\nso vicikicchaṁyeva antaraṁ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati.\nEvarūpaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṁ na vaṇṇesi.","en":"“No, brahmin, the Buddha did not praise all kinds of meditation, nor did he dispraise all kinds of meditation.\nAnd what kind of meditation did he not praise?\nIt’s when someone’s heart is overcome and mired in sensual desire, and they don’t truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen.\nHiding sensual desire within, they meditate and concentrate and contemplate and ruminate.\nTheir heart is overcome and mired in ill will …\ndullness and drowsiness …\nrestlessness and remorse …\ndoubt, and they don’t truly know and see the escape from doubt that has arisen.\nHiding doubt within, they meditate and concentrate and contemplate and ruminate.\nThe Buddha didn’t praise this kind of meditation."}},{"id":"mn108:27","sourceIds":["mn108:27.1","mn108:27.2","mn108:27.3","mn108:27.4","mn108:27.5","mn108:27.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathaṁ rūpañca, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṁ vaṇṇesi?\nIdha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.\nVitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …\ntatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …\ncatutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.\nEvarūpaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṁ vaṇṇesī”ti.","en":"And what kind of meditation did he praise?\nIt’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.\nAs the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of immersion, with internal clarity and mind at one, without placing the mind and keeping it connected.\nAnd with the fading away of rapture, they enter and remain in the third absorption, where they meditate with equanimity, mindful and aware, experiencing for themselves the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’\nWith the giving up of pleasure and pain and the disappearance of former happiness and sadness, they enter and remain in the fourth absorption, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness.\nThe Buddha praised this kind of meditation.”"}},{"id":"mn108:28","sourceIds":["mn108:28.1","mn108:28.2","mn108:28.3","mn108:28.4","mn108:28.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Gārayhaṁ kira, bho ānanda, so bhavaṁ gotamo jhānaṁ garahi, pāsaṁsaṁ pasaṁsi.\nHanda ca dāni mayaṁ, bho ānanda, gacchāma;\nbahukiccā mayaṁ bahukaraṇīyā”ti.\n“Yassadāni tvaṁ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṁ maññasī”ti.\nAtha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmato ānandassa bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.","en":"“Well, worthy Ānanda, it seems that worthy Gotama criticized the kind of meditation that deserves criticism and praised that deserving of praise.\nWell, now, worthy Ānanda, I must go.\nI have many duties, and much to do.”\n“Please, brahmin, go at your convenience.”\nThen Vassakāra the brahmin, having approved and agreed with what Venerable Ānanda said, rose from his seat and left."}},{"id":"mn108:29","sourceIds":["mn108:29.1","mn108:29.2","mn108:29.3","mn108:29.4","mn108:29.5","mn108:29.6","mn108:29.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo acirapakkante vassakāre brāhmaṇe magadhamahāmatte āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:\n“yaṁ no mayaṁ bhavantaṁ ānandaṁ apucchimhā taṁ no bhavaṁ ānando na byākāsī”ti.\n“Nanu te, brāhmaṇa, avocumhā:\n‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṁ sabbathāsabbaṁ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṁ sammāsambuddho.\nSo hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido.\nMaggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā’”ti.\nGopakamoggallānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.","en":"Soon after he had left, Moggallāna the Guardian said to Ānanda,\n“Worthy Ānanda, you still haven’t answered my question.”\n“But brahmin, didn’t I say:\n‘There is no single mendicant who has all the same qualities in each and every way as possessed by the worthy Gotama, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.\nFor the Blessed One gave rise to the unarisen path, gave birth to the unborn path, and explained the unexplained path. He is the knower of the path, the discoverer of the path, the expert on the path.\nAnd now the disciples live following the path; they acquire it later.’”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/mn108/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}