{"id":"mn16","title":"Hard-heartedness","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"mn16","title":"Hard-heartedness","units":[{"id":"mn16:0","sourceIds":["mn16:0.1","mn16:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Majjhima Nikāya 16\nCetokhilasutta","en":"Middle Discourses 16\nHard-heartedness"}},{"id":"mn16:1","sourceIds":["mn16:1.1","mn16:1.2","mn16:1.3","mn16:1.4","mn16:1.5","mn16:1.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.\nTatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:\n“bhikkhavo”ti.\n“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.\nBhagavā etadavoca:","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.\nThere the Buddha addressed the mendicants,\n“Mendicants!”\n“Venerable sir,” they replied.\nThe Buddha said this:"}},{"id":"mn16:2","sourceIds":["mn16:2.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.","en":"“Mendicants, when a mendicant has not given up five kinds of hard-heartedness and severed five shackles of the heart, it’s not possible for them to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training."}},{"id":"mn16:3","sourceIds":["mn16:3.1","mn16:3.2","mn16:3.3","mn16:3.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.","en":"What are the five kinds of hard-heartedness they haven’t given up?\nFirstly, a mendicant has doubts about the Teacher. They’re uncertain, undecided, and lacking confidence.\nThis being so, their mind doesn’t incline toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the first kind of hard-heartedness they haven’t given up."}},{"id":"mn16:4","sourceIds":["mn16:4.1","mn16:4.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant has doubts about the teaching …\nThis is the second kind of hard-heartedness."}},{"id":"mn16:5","sourceIds":["mn16:5.1","mn16:5.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.","en":"They have doubts about the Saṅgha …\nThis is the third kind of hard-heartedness."}},{"id":"mn16:6","sourceIds":["mn16:6.1","mn16:6.2","mn16:6.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetokhilo appahīno hoti.","en":"They have doubts about the training …\nThis is the fourth kind of hard-heartedness."}},{"id":"mn16:7","sourceIds":["mn16:7.1","mn16:7.2","mn16:7.3","mn16:7.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.\nImāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti.","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant is angry and upset with their spiritual companions, resentful and closed off.\nThis being so, their mind doesn’t incline toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the fifth kind of hard-heartedness they haven’t given up.\nThese are the five kinds of hard-heartedness they haven’t given up."}},{"id":"mn16:8","sourceIds":["mn16:8.1","mn16:8.2","mn16:8.3","mn16:8.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.","en":"What are the five shackles of the heart they haven’t severed?\nFirstly, a mendicant isn’t free of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for sensual pleasures.\nThis being so, their mind doesn’t incline toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the first shackle of the heart they haven’t severed."}},{"id":"mn16:9","sourceIds":["mn16:9.1","mn16:9.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant isn’t free of greed for the body …\nThis is the second shackle of the heart."}},{"id":"mn16:10","sourceIds":["mn16:10.1","mn16:10.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe avītarāgo hoti …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant isn’t free of greed for form …\nThis is the third shackle of the heart."}},{"id":"mn16:11","sourceIds":["mn16:11.1","mn16:11.2","mn16:11.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.","en":"They eat as much as they like until their belly is full, then indulge in the pleasures of sleeping, lying down, and drowsing …\nThis is the fourth heart shackle."}},{"id":"mn16:12","sourceIds":["mn16:12.1","mn16:12.2","mn16:12.3","mn16:12.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.\nImāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti.","en":"They lead the spiritual life hoping to be reborn in one of the orders of gods, thinking: ‘By this precept or observance or fervent austerity or spiritual practice, may I become one of the gods!’\nThis being so, their mind doesn’t incline toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the fifth shackle of the heart they haven’t severed.\nThese are the five shackles of the heart they haven’t severed."}},{"id":"mn16:13","sourceIds":["mn16:13.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.","en":"When a mendicant has not given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and severed these five shackles of the heart, it’s not possible for them to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training."}},{"id":"mn16:14","sourceIds":["mn16:14.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—ṭhānametaṁ vijjati.","en":"When a mendicant has given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and severed these five shackles of the heart, it is possible for them to achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training."}},{"id":"mn16:15","sourceIds":["mn16:15.1","mn16:15.2","mn16:15.3","mn16:15.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.","en":"What are the five kinds of hard-heartedness they’ve given up?\nFirstly, a mendicant has no doubts about the Teacher. They’re not uncertain, undecided, or lacking confidence.\nThis being so, their mind inclines toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the first kind of hard-heartedness they’ve given up."}},{"id":"mn16:16","sourceIds":["mn16:16.1","mn16:16.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant has no doubts about the teaching …"}},{"id":"mn16:17","sourceIds":["mn16:17.1","mn16:17.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.","en":"They have no doubts about the Saṅgha …"}},{"id":"mn16:18","sourceIds":["mn16:18.1","mn16:18.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe…\nevamassāyaṁ catuttho cetokhilo pahīno hoti.","en":"They have no doubts about the training …"}},{"id":"mn16:19","sourceIds":["mn16:19.1","mn16:19.2","mn16:19.3","mn16:19.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.\nImāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti.","en":"They’re not angry and upset with their spiritual companions, not resentful or closed off.\nThis being so, their mind inclines toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the fifth kind of hard-heartedness they’ve given up.\nThese are the five kinds of hard-heartedness they’ve given up."}},{"id":"mn16:20","sourceIds":["mn16:20.1","mn16:20.2","mn16:20.3","mn16:20.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.","en":"What are the five shackles of the heart they’ve severed?\nFirstly, a mendicant is rid of greed, desire, fondness, thirst, passion, and craving for sensual pleasures.\nThis being so, their mind inclines toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the first shackle of the heart they’ve severed."}},{"id":"mn16:21","sourceIds":["mn16:21.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye vītarāgo hoti …pe…","en":"Furthermore, a mendicant is rid of greed for the body …"}},{"id":"mn16:22","sourceIds":["mn16:22.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"rūpe vītarāgo hoti …pe…","en":"They’re rid of greed for form …"}},{"id":"mn16:23","sourceIds":["mn16:23.1","mn16:23.2","mn16:23.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"na yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.","en":"They don’t eat as much as they like until their belly is full, then indulge in the pleasures of sleeping, lying down, and drowsing …"}},{"id":"mn16:24","sourceIds":["mn16:24.1","mn16:24.2","mn16:24.3","mn16:24.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti.\nYo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya.\nYassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.\nImāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti.","en":"They don’t lead the spiritual life hoping to be reborn in one of the orders of gods, thinking: ‘By this precept or observance or fervent austerity or spiritual practice, may I become one of the gods!’\nThis being so, their mind inclines toward keenness, commitment, persistence, and striving.\nThis is the fifth shackle of the heart they’ve severed.\nThese are the five shackles of the heart they’ve severed."}},{"id":"mn16:25","sourceIds":["mn16:25.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—ṭhānametaṁ vijjati.","en":"When a mendicant has given up these five kinds of hard-heartedness and severed these five shackles of the heart, it is possible for them to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training."}},{"id":"mn16:26","sourceIds":["mn16:26.1","mn16:26.2","mn16:26.3","mn16:26.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti,\nvīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti,\ncittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti,\nvīmaṁsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, ussoḷhīyeva pañcamī.","en":"They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort …\nthe basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy, and active effort …\nthe basis of psychic power that has immersion due to mental development, and active effort …\nthe basis of psychic power that has immersion due to inquiry, and active effort. And the fifth is sheer vigor."}},{"id":"mn16:27","sourceIds":["mn16:27.1","mn16:27.2","mn16:27.3","mn16:27.4","mn16:27.5","mn16:27.6","mn16:27.7","mn16:27.8","mn16:27.9","mn16:27.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sa kho so, bhikkhave, evaṁ ussoḷhipannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.\nSeyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā.\nTānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni sammā pariseditāni sammā paribhāvitāni.\nKiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṁ icchā uppajjeyya:\n‘aho vatime kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṁ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyun’ti.\nAtha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṁ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṁ.\nEvameva kho, bhikkhave, evaṁ ussoḷhipannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nAttamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.\nCetokhilasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.","en":"A mendicant who possesses these fifteen factors, including vigor, is capable of breaking out, becoming awakened, and reaching the supreme sanctuary from the yoke.\nSuppose there was a chicken with eight or ten or twelve eggs.\nAnd she properly sat on them to keep them warm and incubated.\nEven if that chicken doesn’t wish:\n‘If only my chicks could break out of the eggshell with their claws and beak and hatch safely!’\nStill they can break out and hatch safely.\nIn the same way, a mendicant who possesses these fifteen factors, including vigor, is capable of breaking out, becoming awakened, and reaching the supreme sanctuary from the yoke.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nSatisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/mn16/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}