{"id":"mn80","title":"With Vekhanasa","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"mn80","title":"With Vekhanasa","units":[{"id":"mn80:0","sourceIds":["mn80:0.1","mn80:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Majjhima Nikāya 80\nVekhanasasutta","en":"Middle Discourses 80\nWith Vekhanasa"}},{"id":"mn80:1","sourceIds":["mn80:1.1","mn80:1.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery."}},{"id":"mn80:2","sourceIds":["mn80:2.1","mn80:2.2","mn80:2.3","mn80:2.4","mn80:2.5","mn80:2.6","mn80:2.7","mn80:2.8","mn80:2.9","mn80:2.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho vekhanaso paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi.\nEkamantaṁ ṭhito kho vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavato santike udānaṁ udānesi:\n“ayaṁ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṁ paramo vaṇṇo”ti.\n“Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, kaccāna, evaṁ vadesi:\n‘ayaṁ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṁ paramo vaṇṇo’ti?\nKatamo, kaccāna, so paramo vaṇṇo”ti?\n“Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo”ti.\n“Katamo pana so, kaccāna, vaṇṇo yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthī”ti?\n“Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo”ti.","en":"Then the wanderer Vekhanasa went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he stood to one side,\nand expressed this heartfelt sentiment in the Buddha’s presence:\n“This is the ultimate splendor, this is the ultimate splendor.”\n“But Kaccāna, why do you say:\n‘This is the ultimate splendor, this is the ultimate splendor.’\nWhat is that ultimate splendor?”\n“Worthy Gotama, the ultimate splendor is the splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer.”\n“But what is that ultimate splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer?”\n“Worthy Gotama, the ultimate splendor is the splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer.”"}},{"id":"mn80:3","sourceIds":["mn80:3.1","mn80:3.2","mn80:3.3","mn80:3.4","mn80:3.5","mn80:3.6","mn80:3.7","mn80:3.8","mn80:3.9","mn80:3.10","mn80:3.11","mn80:3.12","mn80:3.13","mn80:3.14","mn80:3.15","mn80:3.16","mn80:3.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Dīghāpi kho te esā, kaccāna, phareyya:\n‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi, tañca vaṇṇaṁ na paññapesi.\nSeyyathāpi, kaccāna, puriso evaṁ vadeyya:\n‘ahaṁ yā imasmiṁ janapade janapadakalyāṇī, taṁ icchāmi taṁ kāmemī’ti.\nTamenaṁ evaṁ vadeyyuṁ:\n‘ambho purisa, yaṁ tvaṁ janapadakalyāṇiṁ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṁ janapadakalyāṇiṁ—khattiyī vā brāhmaṇī vā vessī vā suddī vā’ti?\nIti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya.\nTamenaṁ evaṁ vadeyyuṁ:\n‘ambho purisa, yaṁ tvaṁ janapadakalyāṇiṁ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṁ janapadakalyāṇiṁ evaṁnāmā evaṅgottāti vāti …pe… dīghā vā rassā vā majjhimā vā kāḷī vā sāmā vā maṅguracchavī vāti … amukasmiṁ gāme vā nigame vā nagare vā’ti?\nIti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya.\nTamenaṁ evaṁ vadeyyuṁ:\n‘ambho purisa, yaṁ tvaṁ na jānāsi na passasi, taṁ tvaṁ icchasi kāmesī’ti?\nIti puṭṭho ‘āmā’ti vadeyya.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nnanu evaṁ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṁ bhāsitaṁ sampajjatī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho gotama, evaṁ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṁ bhāsitaṁ sampajjatī”ti.\n“Evameva kho tvaṁ, kaccāna, ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṁ na paññapesī”ti.","en":"“Kaccāna, you could draw this out for a long time.\nYou say, ‘The ultimate splendor is the splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer.’ But you don’t describe that splendor.\nSuppose a man was to say,\n‘Whoever the finest lady in the land is, it is her that I want, her I desire!’\nThey’d say to him,\n‘My man, that finest lady in the land who you desire—do you know whether she’s an aristocrat, a brahmin, a peasant, or a menial?’\nAsked this, he’d say, ‘No.’\nThey’d say to him,\n‘My friend, that finest lady in the land who you desire—do you know her name or clan? Whether she’s tall or short or medium? Whether her skin is black, brown, or dingy? Whether she comes from such-and-such village, town, or city?’\nAsked this, he’d say, ‘No.’\nThey’d say to him,\n‘My man, do you desire someone who you’ve never even known or seen?’\nAsked this, he’d say, ‘Yes.’\nWhat do you think, Kaccāna?\nThis being so, doesn’t that man’s statement turn out to have no demonstrable basis?”\n“Clearly that’s the case, worthy Gotama.”\n“In the same way, you say, ‘The ultimate splendor is the splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer.’ But you don’t describe that splendor.”"}},{"id":"mn80:4","sourceIds":["mn80:4.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṁso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, evaṁ vaṇṇo attā hoti arogo paraṁ maraṇā”ti.","en":"“Mister Gotama, suppose there was a beryl gem that was naturally lustrous, eight-faceted, well-worked. When placed on a cream rug it would shine and glow and dazzle. Such is the splendor of the self that is free of disease after death.”"}},{"id":"mn80:5","sourceIds":["mn80:5.1","mn80:5.2","mn80:5.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyo vā maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṁso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: such a beryl gem, or a firefly in the dark of night?”\n“A firefly in the dark of night.”"}},{"id":"mn80:6","sourceIds":["mn80:6.1","mn80:6.2","mn80:6.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: a firefly in the dark of night, or an oil lamp in the dark of night?”\n“An oil lamp in the dark of night.”"}},{"id":"mn80:7","sourceIds":["mn80:7.1","mn80:7.2","mn80:7.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: an oil lamp in the dark of night, or a great mass of fire in the dark of night?”\n“A great mass of fire in the dark of night.”"}},{"id":"mn80:8","sourceIds":["mn80:8.1","mn80:8.2","mn80:8.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: a great mass of fire in the dark of night, or the morning star in the clear and cloudless heavens at the crack of dawn?”\n“The morning star in the clear and cloudless heavens at the crack of dawn.”"}},{"id":"mn80:9","sourceIds":["mn80:9.1","mn80:9.2","mn80:9.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: the morning star in the clear and cloudless heavens at the crack of dawn, or the full moon at midnight in the clear and cloudless heavens on the fifteenth day sabbath?”\n“The full moon at midnight in the clear and cloudless heavens on the fifteenth day sabbath.”"}},{"id":"mn80:10","sourceIds":["mn80:10.1","mn80:10.2","mn80:10.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kaccāna,\nyo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṁ cando, yo vā vassānaṁ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṁ sūriyo, imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?\n“Yvāyaṁ, bho gotama, vassānaṁ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṁ sūriyo—ayaṁ imesaṁ ubhinnaṁ vaṇṇānaṁ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti.","en":"“What do you think, Kaccāna?\nWhich of these two has a finer splendor: the full moon at midnight in the clear and cloudless heavens on the fifteenth day sabbath, or the sun at midday in the clear and cloudless heavens in the last month of the rainy season, in autumn?”\n“The sun at midday in the clear and cloudless heavens in the last month of the rainy season, in autumn.”"}},{"id":"mn80:11","sourceIds":["mn80:11.1","mn80:11.2","mn80:11.3","mn80:11.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Ato kho te, kaccāna, bahū hi bahutarā devā ye imesaṁ candimasūriyānaṁ ābhā nānubhonti, tyāhaṁ pajānāmi.\nAtha ca panāhaṁ na vadāmi:\n‘yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca natthī’ti.\nAtha ca pana tvaṁ, kaccāna, ‘yvāyaṁ vaṇṇo kiminā khajjopanakena nihīnataro ca patikiṭṭhataro ca so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṁ na paññapesi.","en":"“Beyond this, Kaccāna, I know very many gods on whom the luminosity of the sun and moon makes no impression.\nNevertheless, I do not say:\n‘The splendor compared to which no other splendor is finer.’\nBut of the splendor inferior to a firefly you say, ‘This is the ultimate splendor.’ And you don’t describe that splendor."}},{"id":"mn80:12","sourceIds":["mn80:12.1","mn80:12.2","mn80:12.3","mn80:12.4","mn80:12.5","mn80:12.6","mn80:12.7","mn80:12.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Pañca kho ime, kaccāna, kāmaguṇā.\nKatame pañca?\nCakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā,\nsotaviññeyyā saddā …pe…\nghānaviññeyyā gandhā …\njivhāviññeyyā rasā …\nkāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā—\nime kho, kaccāna, pañca kāmaguṇā.","en":"Kaccāna, there are these five kinds of sensual stimulation.\nWhat five?\nSights known by the eye, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing.\nSounds known by the ear …\nSmells known by the nose …\nTastes known by the tongue …\nTouches known by the body, which are likable, desirable, agreeable, pleasant, sensual, and arousing.\nThese are the five kinds of sensual stimulation."}},{"id":"mn80:13","sourceIds":["mn80:13.1","mn80:13.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yaṁ kho, kaccāna, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṁ somanassaṁ idaṁ vuccati kāmasukhaṁ.\nIti kāmehi kāmasukhaṁ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṁ tattha aggamakkhāyatī”ti.","en":"The pleasure and happiness that arises from these five kinds of sensual stimulation is called sensual pleasure.\n‘From the senses comes sensual pleasure. Beyond sensual pleasure is the pleasure that surmounts the sensual, which is said to be the best of these.’”"}},{"id":"mn80:14","sourceIds":["mn80:14.1","mn80:14.2","mn80:14.3","mn80:14.4","mn80:14.5","mn80:14.6","mn80:14.7","mn80:14.8","mn80:14.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“acchariyaṁ, bho gotama, abbhutaṁ, bho gotama.\nYāva subhāsitañcidaṁ bhotā gotamena:\n‘kāmehi kāmasukhaṁ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṁ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti.\n‘Kāmehi, bho gotama, kāmasukhaṁ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṁ, tattha aggamakkhāyatī’”ti\n“dujjānaṁ kho etaṁ, kaccāna, tayā aññadiṭṭhikena aññakhantikena aññarucikena aññatrayogena aññatrācariyakena—\nkāmā vā kāmasukhaṁ vā kāmaggasukhaṁ vā.\nYe kho te, kaccāna, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā te kho etaṁ jāneyyuṁ—\nkāmā vā kāmasukhaṁ vā kāmaggasukhaṁ vā”ti.","en":"When he said this, Vekhanasa said to the Buddha,\n“It’s incredible, worthy Gotama, it’s amazing!\nHow well said this was by the worthy Gotama!\n‘From the senses comes sensual pleasure. Beyond sensual pleasure is the pleasure that surmounts the sensual, which is said to be the best of these.’\nWorthy Gotama, from the senses comes sensual pleasure. Beyond sensual pleasure is the pleasure that surmounts the sensual, which is said to be the best of these.”\n“Kaccāna, since you have a different view, creed, and belief, and another discipline and denomination, it’s hard for you to understand\nthe senses, sensual pleasure, and the pleasure that surmounts the sensual.\nThere are mendicants who are perfected, who have ended the defilements, completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart’s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and are rightly freed through enlightenment. They can understand\nthe senses, sensual pleasure, and the pleasure that surmounts the sensual.”"}},{"id":"mn80:15","sourceIds":["mn80:15.1","mn80:15.2","mn80:15.3","mn80:15.4","mn80:15.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako kupito anattamano bhagavantaṁyeva khuṁsento bhagavantaṁyeva vambhento bhagavantaṁyeva vadamāno:\n“samaṇo gotamo pāpito bhavissatī”ti bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“evameva panidhekacce samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṁ, apassantā aparantaṁ atha ca pana\n‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyāti—pajānāmā’ti—paṭijānanti.\nTesamidaṁ bhāsitaṁ hassakaṁyeva sampajjati, nāmakaṁyeva sampajjati, rittakaṁyeva sampajjati, tucchakaṁyeva sampajjatī”ti.","en":"When he said this, Vekhanasa became angry and upset. He even attacked and badmouthed the Buddha himself, saying,\n“The ascetic Gotama will be worsted!” He said to the Buddha,\n“This is exactly what happens with some ascetics and brahmins. Not knowing the first beginning or seeing the final end, they nevertheless claim:\n‘We understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”’\nTheir statement turns out to be a joke—mere words, vacuous and hollow.”"}},{"id":"mn80:16","sourceIds":["mn80:16.1","mn80:16.2","mn80:16.3","mn80:16.4","mn80:16.5","mn80:16.6","mn80:16.7","mn80:16.8","mn80:16.9","mn80:16.10","mn80:16.11","mn80:16.12","mn80:16.13"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Ye kho te, kaccāna, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṁ, apassantā aparantaṁ,\n‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyāti—pajānāmā’ti—paṭijānanti;\ntesaṁ soyeva sahadhammiko niggaho hoti.\nApi ca, kaccāna, tiṭṭhatu pubbanto, tiṭṭhatu aparanto.\nEtu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi ahaṁ dhammaṁ desemi.\nYathānusiṭṭhaṁ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññeva ñassati sāmaṁ dakkhiti—\nevaṁ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṁ avijjā bandhanā.\nSeyyathāpi, kaccāna, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho assa suttabandhanehi;\ntassa vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṁ paripākamanvāya tāni bandhanāni mucceyyuṁ;\nso mokkhomhīti kho jāneyya no ca bandhanaṁ.\nEvameva kho, kaccāna, etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi, ahaṁ dhammaṁ desemi;\nyathānusiṭṭhaṁ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññeva ñassati, sāmaṁ dakkhiti:\n‘evaṁ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṁ avijjā bandhanā’”ti.","en":"“Kaccāna, there are some ascetics and brahmins who, not knowing the first beginning or seeing the final end, nevertheless claim:\n‘We understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”’\nThere is a legitimate refutation of them.\nNevertheless, Kaccāna, leave aside the first beginning and the final end.\nLet a sensible person come—neither devious nor deceitful, a person of integrity. I teach and instruct them.\nPracticing as instructed they will soon know and see for themselves,\n‘So this is how to be rightly released from the bond, that is, the bond of ignorance.’\nSuppose there was a little baby bound with swaddling up to the neck.\nAs they grow up and their senses mature, they’re accordingly released from those bonds.\nThey’d know ‘I’m released,’ and there would be no more bonds.\nIn the same way, let a sensible person come—neither devious nor deceitful, a person of integrity. I teach and instruct them.\nPracticing as instructed they will soon know and see for themselves,\n‘So this is how to be rightly released from the bond, that is, the bond of ignorance.’”"}},{"id":"mn80:17","sourceIds":["mn80:17.1","mn80:17.2","mn80:17.3","mn80:17.4","mn80:17.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama …pe…\nupāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.\nVekhanasasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.\nParibbājakavaggo niṭṭhito tatiyo.","en":"When he said this, Vekhanasa said to the Buddha,\n“Excellent, worthy Gotama! …\nFrom this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”"}},{"id":"mn80:18","sourceIds":["mn80:18.0","mn80:18.1","mn80:18.2","mn80:18.3","mn80:18.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassuddānaṁ\nPuṇḍarī aggisaha kathināmo,\nDīghanakho puna bhāradvājagotto;\nSandakaudāyimuṇḍikaputto,\nMaṇiko tathākaccāno varavaggo."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/mn80/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}