{"id":"mn84","title":"At Madhurā","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"mn84","title":"At Madhurā","units":[{"id":"mn84:0","sourceIds":["mn84:0.1","mn84:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Majjhima Nikāya 84\nMadhurasutta","en":"Middle Discourses 84\nAt Madhurā"}},{"id":"mn84:1","sourceIds":["mn84:1.1","mn84:1.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā mahākaccāno madhurāyaṁ viharati gundāvane.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time Venerable Mahākaccāna was staying near Madhurā in the Nut Grass Grove."}},{"id":"mn84:2","sourceIds":["mn84:2.1","mn84:2.2","mn84:2.3","mn84:2.4","mn84:2.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Assosi kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto:\n“samaṇo khalu, bho, kaccāno madhurāyaṁ viharati gundāvane.\nTaṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ kaccānaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī bahussuto cittakathī kalyāṇapaṭibhāno vuddho ceva arahā ca’.\nSādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti.","en":"King Avantiputta of Madhurā heard,\n“It seems the ascetic Kaccāna is staying near Madhurā in the Nut Grass Grove.\nHe has this good reputation:\n‘He is astute, competent, intelligent, learned, a brilliant speaker, eloquent, mature, a perfected one.’\nIt’s good to see such perfected ones.”"}},{"id":"mn84:3","sourceIds":["mn84:3.1","mn84:3.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṁ yānaṁ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi madhurāya niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena āyasmantaṁ mahākaccānaṁ dassanāya.\nYāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto āyasmantaṁ mahākaccānaṁ etadavoca:","en":"And then King Avantiputta had the finest carriages harnessed. He mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out in full royal pomp from Madhurā to see Mahākaccāna.\nHe went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached Mahākaccāna on foot. They exchanged greetings, and when the greetings and polite conversation were over, the king sat down to one side and said to Mahākaccāna:"}},{"id":"mn84:4","sourceIds":["mn84:4.1","mn84:4.2","mn84:4.3","mn84:4.4","mn84:4.5","mn84:4.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“brāhmaṇā, bho kaccāna, evamāhaṁsu:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā;\nbrāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti.\nIdha bhavaṁ kaccāno kimakkhāyī”ti?","en":"“Worthy Kaccāna, the brahmins say:\n‘Only brahmins are the best class; other classes are inferior.\nOnly brahmins are the light class; other classes are dark.\nOnly brahmins are purified, not others.\nOnly brahmins are the the Divinity’s bosom sons, born from his mouth, born of the Divinity, created by the Divinity, heirs of the Divinity.’\nWhat does the worthy Kaccāna have to say about this?”"}},{"id":"mn84:5","sourceIds":["mn84:5.1","mn84:5.2","mn84:5.3","mn84:5.4","mn84:5.5","mn84:5.6","mn84:5.7","mn84:5.8","mn84:5.9","mn84:5.10","mn84:5.11","mn84:5.12","mn84:5.13","mn84:5.14","mn84:5.15","mn84:5.16","mn84:5.17","mn84:5.18","mn84:5.19","mn84:5.20","mn84:5.21","mn84:5.22","mn84:5.23","mn84:5.24","mn84:5.25","mn84:5.26","mn84:5.27","mn84:5.28","mn84:5.29","mn84:5.30","mn84:5.31","mn84:5.32","mn84:5.33","mn84:5.34","mn84:5.35","mn84:5.36","mn84:5.37","mn84:5.38","mn84:5.39","mn84:5.40","mn84:5.41","mn84:5.42","mn84:5.43","mn84:5.44","mn84:5.45","mn84:5.46","mn84:5.47","mn84:5.48","mn84:5.49","mn84:5.50"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Ghosoyeva kho eso, mahārāja, lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā;\nbrāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti.\nTadamināpetaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe…\nbrahmadāyādā’ti.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nkhattiyassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā khattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa …\nvessopissāssa …\nsuddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti?\n“Khattiyassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā khattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa …\nvessopissāssa …\nsuddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nbrāhmaṇassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā brāhmaṇopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nvessopissāssa …\nsuddopissāssa …\nkhattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti?\n“Brāhmaṇassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā brāhmaṇopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nvessopissāssa …\nsuddopissāssa …\nkhattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, vessassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā vessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nsuddopissāssa …\nkhattiyopissāssa …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti?\n“Vessassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā vessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nsuddopissāssa …\nkhattiyopissāssa …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, suddassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī …\nkhattiyopissāssa …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa …\nvessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti?\n“Suddassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādīti …\nkhattiyopissāssa …\nbrāhmaṇopissāssa …\nvessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nyadi evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti.\nNesaṁ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.\n“Imināpi kho etaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe…\nbrahmadāyādā’ti.","en":"“Great king, that’s just hearsay in the world.\nAnd here’s a way to understand that it’s just hearsay in the world.\nWhat do you think, Great King?\nSuppose an aristocrat prospers in money, grain, silver, or gold. Wouldn’t there be aristocrats, brahmins, peasants, and menials who would get up before him and go to bed after him, and be obliging, behaving nicely and speaking politely?”\n“There would, worthy Kaccāna.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nSuppose a brahmin …\na peasant …\na menial prospers in money, grain, silver, or gold. Wouldn’t there be menials, aristocrats, brahmins, and peasants who would get up before him and go to bed after him, and be obliging, behaving nicely and speaking politely?”\n“There would, worthy Kaccāna.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nIf this is so, are the four classes equal or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Certainly, worthy Kaccāna, in this case these four classes are equal.\nI can’t see any difference between them.”\n“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just hearsay in the world."}},{"id":"mn84:6","sourceIds":["mn84:6.1","mn84:6.2","mn84:6.3","mn84:6.4","mn84:6.5","mn84:6.6","mn84:6.7","mn84:6.8","mn84:6.9","mn84:6.10","mn84:6.11","mn84:6.12","mn84:6.13","mn84:6.14","mn84:6.15","mn84:6.16","mn84:6.17","mn84:6.18","mn84:6.19","mn84:6.20","mn84:6.21","mn84:6.22","mn84:6.23"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidhassa khattiyo pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyya no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Khattiyopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyya.\nEvaṁ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṁ arahataṁ sutan”ti.\n“Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja.\nSādhu kho te etaṁ, mahārāja, evaṁ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṁ arahataṁ sutaṁ.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidhassa brāhmaṇo …pe…\nidhassa vesso …pe…\nidhassa suddo pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī …pe… micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyya no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Suddopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī …pe… micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjeyya.\nEvaṁ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṁ arahataṁ sutan”ti.\n“Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja.\nSādhu kho te etaṁ, mahārāja, evaṁ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṁ arahataṁ sutaṁ.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nyadi evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti.\nNesaṁ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.\n“Imināpi kho etaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.","en":"What do you think, Great King?\nTake an aristocrat who kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct; uses speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; and is covetous, malicious, and has wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell, or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Such an aristocrat would be reborn in a bad place.\nThat’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.”\n“Good, good, Great King!\nIt’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones.\nWhat do you think, Great King?\nTake a brahmin …\na peasant …\na menial who kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct; uses speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; and is covetous, malicious, and has wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell, or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Such a brahmin, peasant, or menial would be reborn in a bad place.\nThat’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.”\n“Good, good, Great King!\nIt’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones.\nWhat do you think, Great King?\nIf this is so, are the four classes equal or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Certainly, worthy Kaccāna, in this case these four classes are equal.\nI can’t see any difference between them.”\n“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just hearsay in the world."}},{"id":"mn84:7","sourceIds":["mn84:7.1","mn84:7.2","mn84:7.3","mn84:7.4","mn84:7.5","mn84:7.6","mn84:7.7","mn84:7.8","mn84:7.9","mn84:7.10","mn84:7.11","mn84:7.12","mn84:7.13","mn84:7.14","mn84:7.15","mn84:7.16","mn84:7.17","mn84:7.18","mn84:7.19","mn84:7.20","mn84:7.21"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidhassa khattiyo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato, samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjeyya no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Khattiyopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato, samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjeyya.\nEvaṁ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṁ arahataṁ sutan”ti.\n“Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja.\nSādhu kho te etaṁ, mahārāja, evaṁ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṁ arahataṁ sutaṁ.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidhassa brāhmaṇo, idhassa vesso, idhassa suddo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato …pe… sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjeyya no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Suddopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato …pe… sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjeyya.\nEvaṁ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṁ arahataṁ sutan”ti.\n“Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja.\nSādhu kho te etaṁ, mahārāja, evaṁ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṁ arahataṁ sutaṁ.\nTaṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nyadi evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti.\nNesaṁ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.\n“Imināpi kho etaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.","en":"What do you think, Great King?\nTake an aristocrat who doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, or commit sexual misconduct. They don’t use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm, or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Such an aristocrat would be reborn in a good place.\nThat’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.”\n“Good, good, Great King!\nIt’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones.\nWhat do you think, Great King?\nTake a brahmin, peasant, or menial who doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, or commit sexual misconduct. They don’t use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm, or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Such a brahmin, peasant, or menial would be reborn in a good place.\nThat’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.”\n“Good, good, Great King!\nIt’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones.\nWhat do you think, Great King?\nIf this is so, are the four classes equal or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Certainly, worthy Kaccāna, in this case these four classes are equal.\nI can’t see any difference between them.”\n“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just hearsay in the world."}},{"id":"mn84:8","sourceIds":["mn84:8.1","mn84:8.2","mn84:8.3","mn84:8.4","mn84:8.5","mn84:8.6","mn84:8.7","mn84:8.8","mn84:8.9","mn84:8.10","mn84:8.11","mn84:8.12","mn84:8.13","mn84:8.14","mn84:8.15","mn84:8.16","mn84:8.17","mn84:8.18","mn84:8.19","mn84:8.20","mn84:8.21","mn84:8.22","mn84:8.23"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidha khattiyo sandhiṁ vā chindeyya, nillopaṁ vā hareyya, ekāgārikaṁ vā kareyya, paripanthe vā tiṭṭheyya, paradāraṁ vā gaccheyya, tañce te purisā gahetvā dasseyyuṁ:\n‘ayaṁ te, deva, coro āgucārī.\nImassa yaṁ icchasi taṁ daṇḍaṁ paṇehī’ti.\nKinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?\n“Ghāteyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, jāpeyyāma vā pabbājeyyāma vā yathāpaccayaṁ vā kareyyāma.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nYā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘khattiyo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; corotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchatī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidha brāhmaṇo, idha vesso, idha suddo sandhiṁ vā chindeyya, nillopaṁ vā hareyya, ekāgārikaṁ vā kareyya, paripanthe vā tiṭṭheyya, paradāraṁ vā gaccheyya, tañce te purisā gahetvā dasseyyuṁ:\n‘ayaṁ te, deva, coro āgucārī.\nImassa yaṁ icchasi taṁ daṇḍaṁ paṇehī’ti.\nKinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?\n“Ghāteyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, jāpeyyāma vā pabbājeyyāma vā yathāpaccayaṁ vā kareyyāma.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nYā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘suddo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; corotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchatī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nyadi evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti.\nNesaṁ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.\n“Imināpi kho etaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.","en":"What do you think, Great King?\nTake an aristocrat who breaks into houses, plunders wealth, steals from isolated buildings, commits highway robbery, and commits adultery. Suppose your men arrest him and present him to you, saying:\n‘Your Majesty, this man is a bandit, a criminal.\nPunish him as you will.’\nWhat would you do to him?”\n“I would have him executed, fined, or banished, or dealt with as befits the crime.\nWhy is that?\nBecause he’s lost his former status as an aristocrat, and is just reckoned as a bandit.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nTake a brahmin, peasant, or menial who breaks into houses, plunders wealth, steals from isolated buildings, commits highway robbery, and commits adultery. Suppose your men arrest him and present him to you, saying:\n‘Your Majesty, this man is a bandit, a criminal.\nPunish him as you will.’\nWhat would you do to him?”\n“I would have him executed, fined, or banished, or dealt with as befits the crime.\nWhy is that?\nBecause he’s lost his former status as a brahmin, peasant, or menial, and is just reckoned as a bandit.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nIf this is so, are the four classes equal or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Certainly, worthy Kaccāna, in this case these four classes are equal.\nI can’t see any difference between them.”\n“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just hearsay in the world."}},{"id":"mn84:9","sourceIds":["mn84:9.1","mn84:9.2","mn84:9.3","mn84:9.4","mn84:9.5","mn84:9.6","mn84:9.7","mn84:9.8","mn84:9.9","mn84:9.10","mn84:9.11","mn84:9.12","mn84:9.13","mn84:9.14","mn84:9.15","mn84:9.16","mn84:9.17","mn84:9.18","mn84:9.19","mn84:9.20","mn84:9.21","mn84:9.22"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidha khattiyo kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito assa virato pāṇātipātā, virato adinnādānā, virato musāvādā, rattūparato, ekabhattiko, brahmacārī, sīlavā, kalyāṇadhammo.\nKinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?\n“Abhivādeyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, paccuṭṭheyyāma vā āsanena vā nimanteyyāma abhinimanteyyāma vā naṁ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi dhammikaṁ vā assa rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidaheyyāma.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nYā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘khattiyo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; samaṇotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchatī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nidha brāhmaṇo, idha vesso, idha suddo kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito assa virato pāṇātipātā, virato adinnādānā virato musāvādā, rattūparato, ekabhattiko, brahmacārī, sīlavā, kalyāṇadhammo.\nKinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?\n“Abhivādeyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, paccuṭṭheyyāma vā āsanena vā nimanteyyāma abhinimanteyyāma vā naṁ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi dhammikaṁ vā assa rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidaheyyāma.\nTaṁ kissa hetu?\nYā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘suddo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; samaṇotveva saṅkhyaṁ gacchatī”ti.\n“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja,\nyadi evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā?\nKathaṁ vā te ettha hotī”ti?\n“Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṁ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti.\nNesaṁ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.\n“Imināpi kho etaṁ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṁ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṁ:\n‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo;\nbrāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā;\nbrāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti.","en":"What do you think, Great King?\nTake an aristocrat who shaves off their hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. They abstain from killing living creatures, stealing, and lying. They abstain from eating at night, eat in one part of the day, and are chaste, ethical, and of good character.\nHow would you treat them?”\n“I would bow to them, rise in their presence, or offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d organize their lawful guarding and protection.\nWhy is that?\nBecause they’ve lost their former status as an aristocrat, and are just reckoned as an ascetic.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nTake a brahmin, peasant, or menial who shaves off their hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. They abstain from killing living creatures, stealing, and lying. They abstain from eating at night, eat in one part of the day, and are chaste, ethical, and of good character.\nHow would you treat them?”\n“I would bow to them, rise in their presence, or offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d organize their lawful guarding and protection.\nWhy is that?\nBecause they’ve lost their former status as a brahmin, peasant, or menial, and are just reckoned as an ascetic.”\n“What do you think, Great King?\nIf this is so, are the four classes equal or not?\nOr how do you see this?”\n“Certainly, worthy Kaccāna, in this case these four classes are equal.\nI can’t see any difference between them.”\n“This is another way to understand that this is just hearsay in the world:\n‘Only brahmins are the best class; other classes are inferior.\nOnly brahmins are the light class; other classes are dark.\nOnly brahmins are purified, not others.\nOnly brahmins are the Divinity’s bosom sons, born from his mouth, born of the Divinity, created by the Divinity, heirs of the Divinity.’”"}},{"id":"mn84:10","sourceIds":["mn84:10.1","mn84:10.2","mn84:10.3","mn84:10.4","mn84:10.5","mn84:10.6","mn84:10.7","mn84:10.8","mn84:10.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, rājā mādhuro avantiputto āyasmantaṁ mahākaccānaṁ etadavoca:\n“abhikkantaṁ, bho kaccāna, abhikkantaṁ, bho kaccāna.\nSeyyathāpi, bho kaccāna, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhotā kaccānena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.\nEsāhaṁ bhavantaṁ kaccānaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.\nUpāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.\n“Mā kho maṁ tvaṁ, mahārāja, saraṇaṁ agamāsi.\nTameva tvaṁ bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gaccha yamahaṁ saraṇaṁ gato”ti.\n“Kahaṁ pana, bho kaccāna, etarahi so bhagavā viharati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho”ti?\n“Parinibbuto kho, mahārāja, etarahi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho”ti.","en":"When he had spoken, King Avantiputta of Madhurā said to Mahākaccāna,\n“Excellent, worthy Kaccāna! Excellent!\nAs if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the worthy Kaccāna has made the teaching clear in many ways.\nI go for refuge to the worthy Kaccāna, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.\nFrom this day forth, may the worthy Kaccāna remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”\n“Great king, don’t go for refuge to me.\nYou should go for refuge to that same Blessed One to whom I have gone for refuge.”\n“But where is that Blessed One at present, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha?”\n“Great king, the Buddha has already become fully quenched.”"}},{"id":"mn84:11","sourceIds":["mn84:11.1","mn84:11.2","mn84:11.3","mn84:11.4","mn84:11.5","mn84:11.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Sacepi mayaṁ, bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ dasasu yojanesu, dasapi mayaṁ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ dassanāya arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ.\nSacepi mayaṁ, bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ vīsatiyā yojanesu, tiṁsāya yojanesu, cattārīsāya yojanesu, paññāsāya yojanesu, paññāsampi mayaṁ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ dassanāya arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ.\nYojanasate cepi mayaṁ bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ, yojanasatampi mayaṁ gaccheyyāma taṁ bhagavantaṁ dassanāya arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ.\nYato ca, bho kaccāna, parinibbuto so bhagavā, parinibbutampi mayaṁ bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.\nUpāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.\nMadhurasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.","en":"“Worthy Kaccāna, if I heard that the Buddha was within ten leagues, or twenty, or even up to a hundred leagues away, I’d go a hundred leagues to see him.\nBut since the Buddha has become fully quenched, I go for refuge to that fully quenched Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.\nFrom this day forth, may the worthy Kaccāna remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/mn84/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}