{"id":"mn91","title":"With Brahmāyu","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"mn91","title":"With Brahmāyu","units":[{"id":"mn91:0","sourceIds":["mn91:0.1","mn91:0.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Majjhima Nikāya 91\nBrahmāyusutta","en":"Middle Discourses 91\nWith Brahmāyu"}},{"id":"mn91:1","sourceIds":["mn91:1.1","mn91:1.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ me sutaṁ—\nekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā videhesu cārikaṁ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.","en":"So I have heard.\nAt one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Videhans together with a large Saṅgha of five hundred mendicants."}},{"id":"mn91:2","sourceIds":["mn91:2.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tena kho pana samayena brahmāyu brāhmaṇo mithilāyaṁ paṭivasati jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, vīsavassasatiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo.","en":"Now at that time the brahmin Brahmāyu was residing in Mithilā. He was old, elderly, and senior, advanced in years, having reached the final stage of life; he was a hundred and twenty years old. He had mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knew them word-by-word, and their grammar. He was well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man."}},{"id":"mn91:3","sourceIds":["mn91:3.1","mn91:3.2","mn91:3.3","mn91:3.4","mn91:3.5","mn91:3.6","mn91:3.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Assosi kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo:\n“samaṇo khalu bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito videhesu cārikaṁ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.\nTaṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti.\nSo imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti.\nSo dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti.\nSādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti.","en":"He heard:\n“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—is wandering in the land of the Videhans, together with a large Saṅgha of five hundred mendicants.\nHe has this good reputation:\n‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’\nHe has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.\nHe teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.\nIt’s good to see such perfected ones.”"}},{"id":"mn91:4","sourceIds":["mn91:4.1","mn91:4.2","mn91:4.3","mn91:4.4","mn91:4.5","mn91:4.6","mn91:4.7","mn91:4.8","mn91:4.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tena kho pana samayena brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa uttaro nāma māṇavo antevāsī hoti tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uttaraṁ māṇavaṁ āmantesi:\n“ayaṁ, tāta uttara, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito videhesu cārikaṁ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.\nTaṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho …pe…\nsādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī’ti.\nEhi tvaṁ, tāta uttara, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ jānāhi, yadi vā taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ tathā santaṁyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā;\nyadi vā so bhavaṁ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso.\nTathā mayaṁ taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ vedissāmā”ti.","en":"Now at that time the brahmin Brahmāyu had a pupil named Uttara. He too had mastered the Vedic curriculum.\nBrahmāyu told Uttara of the Buddha’s presence in the land of the Videhans, and added:\n“Please, dear Uttara, go to the ascetic Gotama and find out whether or not he lives up to his reputation.\nThrough you I shall learn about the worthy Gotama.”"}},{"id":"mn91:5","sourceIds":["mn91:5.1","mn91:5.2","mn91:5.3","mn91:5.4","mn91:5.5","mn91:5.6","mn91:5.7","mn91:5.8","mn91:5.9","mn91:5.10","mn91:5.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Yathā kathaṁ panāhaṁ, bho, taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ jānissāmi yadi vā taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ tathā santaṁyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā;\nyadi vā so bhavaṁ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso”ti.\n“Āgatāni kho, tāta uttara, amhākaṁ mantesu dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā.\nSace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato.\nTassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṁ—\ncakkaratanaṁ, hatthiratanaṁ, assaratanaṁ, maṇiratanaṁ, itthiratanaṁ, gahapatiratanaṁ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ.\nParosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā.\nSo imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati.\nSace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, arahaṁ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.\nAhaṁ kho pana, tāta uttara, mantānaṁ dātā;\ntvaṁ mantānaṁ paṭiggahetā”ti.","en":"“But sir, how shall I find out whether or not the ascetic Gotama lives up to his reputation?”\n“Dear Uttara, the thirty-two marks of a great man have been handed down in our hymns. A great man who possesses these has only two possible destinies, no other.\nIf he stays at home he becomes a king, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion extends to all four sides, he achieves stability in the country, and he possesses the seven treasures.\nHe has the following seven treasures:\nthe wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander as the seventh treasure.\nHe has over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies.\nAfter conquering this land girt by sea, he reigns by principle, without rod or sword.\nBut if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, who has cast off the world’s veil.\nBut, dear Uttara, I am the one who gives the hymns,\nand you are the one who receives them.”"}},{"id":"mn91:6","sourceIds":["mn91:6.1","mn91:6.2","mn91:6.3","mn91:6.4","mn91:6.5","mn91:6.6","mn91:6.7","mn91:6.8","mn91:6.9","mn91:6.10","mn91:6.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho uttaro māṇavo brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā videhesu yena bhagavā tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi.\nAnupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.\nEkamantaṁ nisinno kho uttaro māṇavo bhagavato kāye dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi.\nAddasā kho uttaro māṇavo bhagavato kāye dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yebhuyyena thapetvā dve.\nDvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati—\nkosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.\nAtha kho bhagavato etadahosi:\n“passati kho me ayaṁ uttaro māṇavo dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yebhuyyena thapetvā dve.\nDvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati—\nkosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya cā”ti.","en":"“Yes, worthy sir,” replied Uttara. He got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled Brahmāyu, keeping him on his right, before setting out for the land of the Videhans where the Buddha was wandering.\nTraveling stage by stage, he came to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side,\nand scrutinized his body for the thirty-two marks of a great man.\nHe saw all of them except two,\nwhich he had doubts about:\nwhether the private parts are sheathed in a foreskin, and the largeness of the tongue.\nThen it occurred to the Buddha,\n“This student Uttara sees all the marks except two,\nwhich he has doubts about:\nwhether the private parts are sheathed in a foreskin, and the largeness of the tongue.”"}},{"id":"mn91:7","sourceIds":["mn91:7.1","mn91:7.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṁ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṁ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa uttaro māṇavo bhagavato kosohitaṁ vatthaguyhaṁ.\nAtha kho bhagavā jivhaṁ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi; ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi; kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṁ jivhāya chādesi.","en":"So the Buddha used his psychic power to will that Uttara would see his private parts sheathed in a foreskin.\nAnd he stuck out his tongue and stroked back and forth on his ear holes and nostrils, and covered his entire forehead with his tongue."}},{"id":"mn91:8","sourceIds":["mn91:8.1","mn91:8.2","mn91:8.3","mn91:8.4","mn91:8.5","mn91:8.6","mn91:8.7","mn91:8.8","mn91:8.9","mn91:8.10","mn91:8.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho uttarassa māṇavassa etadahosi:\n“samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi.\nYannūnāhaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ anubandheyyaṁ, iriyāpathamassa passeyyan”ti.\nAtha kho uttaro māṇavo sattamāsāni bhagavantaṁ anubandhi chāyāva anapāyinī.\nAtha kho uttaro māṇavo sattannaṁ māsānaṁ accayena videhesu yena mithilā tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi.\nAnupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena mithilā yena brahmāyu brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho uttaraṁ māṇavaṁ brahmāyu brāhmaṇo etadavoca:\n“kacci, tāta uttara, taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ tathā santaṁyeva saddo abbhuggato, no aññathā?\nKacci pana so bhavaṁ gotamo tādiso, no aññādiso”ti?\n“Tathā santaṁyeva, bho, taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ saddo abbhuggato, no aññathā;\ntādisova so bhavaṁ gotamo, no aññādiso.\nSamannāgato ca so bhavaṁ gotamo dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi.","en":"Then Uttara thought,\n“The ascetic Gotama possesses the thirty-two marks.\nWhy don’t I follow him and observe his deportment?”\nSo Uttara followed the Buddha like a shadow for seven months.\nWhen seven months had passed he set out wandering toward Mithilā.\nThere he approached the brahmin Brahmāyu, bowed, and sat down to one side. Brahmāyu said to him,\n“Well, dear Uttara, does the worthy Gotama live up to his reputation or not?”\n“He does, sir.\nThe worthy Gotama possesses the thirty-two marks."}},{"id":"mn91:9","sourceIds":["mn91:9.1","mn91:9.2","mn91:9.3","mn91:9.4","mn91:9.5","mn91:9.6","mn91:9.7","mn91:9.8","mn91:9.9","mn91:9.10","mn91:9.11","mn91:9.12","mn91:9.13","mn91:9.14","mn91:9.15","mn91:9.16","mn91:9.17","mn91:9.18","mn91:9.19","mn91:9.20","mn91:9.21","mn91:9.22","mn91:9.23","mn91:9.24","mn91:9.25","mn91:9.26","mn91:9.27","mn91:9.28","mn91:9.29","mn91:9.30","mn91:9.31","mn91:9.32","mn91:9.33","mn91:9.34"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Suppatiṭṭhitapādo kho pana bho bhavaṁ gotamo;\nidampi tassa bhoto gotamassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.\nHeṭṭhā kho pana tassa bhoto gotamassa pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni …\nĀyatapaṇhi kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nDīghaṅguli kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nMudutalunahatthapādo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nJālahatthapādo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nUssaṅkhapādo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nEṇijaṅgho kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nṬhitako kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati …\nKosohitavatthaguyho kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSuvaṇṇavaṇṇo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo kañcanasannibhattaco …\nSukhumacchavi kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo. Sukhumattā chaviyā rajojallaṁ kāye na upalimpati …\nEkekalomo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo; ekekāni lomāni lomakūpesu jātāni …\nUddhaggalomo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo; uddhaggāni lomāni jātāni nīlāni añjanavaṇṇāni kuṇḍalāvaṭṭāni dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni …\nBrahmujugatto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSattussado kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSīhapubbaddhakāyo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nCitantaraṁso kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nNigrodhaparimaṇḍalo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo; yāvatakvassa kāyo tāvatakvassa byāmo, yāvatakvassa byāmo tāvatakvassa kāyo …\nSamavaṭṭakkhandho kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nRasaggasaggī kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSīhahanu kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nCattālīsadanto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSamadanto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nAviraḷadanto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nSusukkadāṭho kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nPahūtajivho kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nBrahmassaro kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo karavikabhāṇī …\nAbhinīlanetto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nGopakhumo kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo …\nUṇṇā kho panassa bhoto gotamassa bhamukantare jātā odātā mudutūlasannibhā …\nUṇhīsasīso kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo; idampi tassa bhoto gotamassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṁ bhavati.\nImehi kho, bho, so bhavaṁ gotamo dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato.","en":"He has well-planted feet.\nOn the soles of his feet there are thousand-spoked wheels, with rims and hubs, complete in every detail.\nHe has stretched heels.\nHe has long fingers.\nHis hands and feet are soft and tender.\nHe has serried hands and feet.\nThe tops of his feet are arched.\nHis calves are like those of an antelope.\nWhen standing upright and not bending over, the palms of both hands touch the knees.\nHis private parts are sheathed in a foreskin.\nHe is golden colored; his skin shines like lustrous gold.\nHe has delicate skin, so delicate that dust and dirt don’t stick to his body.\nHis hairs grow one per pore.\nHis hairs stand up; they’re blue-black and curl clockwise.\nHis body is tall and straight-limbed.\nHe has bulging muscles in seven places.\nHis chest is like that of a lion.\nHe is filled out between the shoulders.\nHe has the proportional circumference of a banyan tree: the span of his arms equals the height of his body.\nHis torso is cylindrical.\nHe has ridged taste buds.\nHis jaw is like that of a lion.\nHe has forty teeth.\nHis teeth are even.\nHis teeth have no gaps.\nHis teeth are perfectly white.\nHe has a large tongue.\nHe has the voice of the Divinity, like a cuckoo’s call.\nHis eyes are indigo.\nHe has eyelashes like a cow’s.\nBetween his eyebrows there grows a tuft, soft and white like cotton-wool.\nThe crown of his head is like a turban.\nThese are the thirty-two marks of a great man possessed by the worthy Gotama."}},{"id":"mn91:10","sourceIds":["mn91:10.1","mn91:10.2","mn91:10.3","mn91:10.4","mn91:10.5","mn91:10.6","mn91:10.7","mn91:10.8","mn91:10.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Gacchanto kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo dakkhiṇeneva pādena paṭhamaṁ pakkamati.\nSo nātidūre pādaṁ uddharati, nāccāsanne pādaṁ nikkhipati;\nso nātisīghaṁ gacchati, nātisaṇikaṁ gacchati;\nna ca adduvena adduvaṁ saṅghaṭṭento gacchati, na ca gopphakena gopphakaṁ saṅghaṭṭento gacchati.\nSo gacchanto na satthiṁ unnāmeti, na satthiṁ onāmeti; na satthiṁ sannāmeti, na satthiṁ vināmeti.\nGacchato kho pana tassa bhoto gotamassa adharakāyova iñjati, na ca kāyabalena gacchati.\nApalokento kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo sabbakāyeneva apaloketi;\nso na uddhaṁ ulloketi, na adho oloketi;\nna ca vipekkhamāno gacchati, yugamattañca pekkhati; tato cassa uttari anāvaṭaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ bhavati.","en":"When he’s walking he takes the first step with the right foot.\nHe doesn’t lift his foot too far or place it too near.\nHe doesn’t walk too slow or too fast.\nHe walks without knocking his knees or ankles together.\nWhen he’s walking he keeps his thighs neither too straight nor too bent, neither too tight nor too loose.\nWhen he walks, only the lower half of his body moves, and he walks effortlessly.\nWhen he turns to look he does so with the whole body.\nHe doesn’t look directly up or down.\nHe doesn’t look all around while walking, but focuses a plough’s length in front. Beyond that he has unhindered knowledge and vision."}},{"id":"mn91:11","sourceIds":["mn91:11.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So antaragharaṁ pavisanto na kāyaṁ unnāmeti, na kāyaṁ onāmeti; na kāyaṁ sannāmeti, na kāyaṁ vināmeti.","en":"When entering an inhabited area he keeps his body neither too straight nor too bent, neither too tight nor too loose."}},{"id":"mn91:12","sourceIds":["mn91:12.1","mn91:12.2","mn91:12.3","mn91:12.4","mn91:12.5","mn91:12.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So nātidūre nāccāsanne āsanassa parivattati, na ca pāṇinā ālambitvā āsane nisīdati, na ca āsanasmiṁ kāyaṁ pakkhipati.\nSo antaraghare nisinno samāno na hatthakukkuccaṁ āpajjati, na pādakukkuccaṁ āpajjati;\nna adduvena adduvaṁ āropetvā nisīdati; na ca gopphakena gopphakaṁ āropetvā nisīdati;\nna ca pāṇinā hanukaṁ upadahitvā nisīdati.\nSo antaraghare nisinno samāno na chambhati na kampati na vedhati na paritassati. So achambhī akampī avedhī aparitassī vigatalomahaṁso.\nVivekavatto ca so bhavaṁ gotamo antaraghare nisinno hoti.","en":"He turns around neither too far nor too close to the seat. He doesn’t lean on his hand when sitting down. And he doesn’t just plonk his body down on the seat.\nWhen sitting in inhabited areas he doesn’t fidget with his hands or feet.\nHe doesn’t sit with his knees or ankles crossed.\nHe doesn’t sit with his hand holding his chin.\nWhen sitting in inhabited areas he doesn’t shake, tremble, quake, or get nervous, and so he is not nervous at all.\nWhen sitting in inhabited areas he still practices seclusion."}},{"id":"mn91:13","sourceIds":["mn91:13.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So pattodakaṁ paṭiggaṇhanto na pattaṁ unnāmeti, na pattaṁ onāmeti; na pattaṁ sannāmeti, na pattaṁ vināmeti.","en":"When receiving water for rinsing the bowl, he holds the bowl neither too straight nor too bent, neither too tight nor too loose."}},{"id":"mn91:14","sourceIds":["mn91:14.1","mn91:14.2","mn91:14.3","mn91:14.4","mn91:14.5","mn91:14.6","mn91:14.7","mn91:14.8","mn91:14.9","mn91:14.10","mn91:14.11","mn91:14.12"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So pattodakaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti nātithokaṁ nātibahuṁ.\nSo na khulukhulukārakaṁ pattaṁ dhovati, na samparivattakaṁ pattaṁ dhovati, na pattaṁ bhūmiyaṁ nikkhipitvā hatthe dhovati; hatthesu dhotesu patto dhoto hoti, patte dhote hatthā dhotā honti.\nSo pattodakaṁ chaḍḍeti nātidūre nāccāsanne, na ca vicchaḍḍayamāno.\nSo odanaṁ paṭiggaṇhanto na pattaṁ unnāmeti, na pattaṁ onāmeti; na pattaṁ sannāmeti, na pattaṁ vināmeti.\nSo odanaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti nātithokaṁ nātibahuṁ.\nByañjanaṁ kho pana bhavaṁ gotamo byañjanamattāya āhāreti, na ca byañjanena ālopaṁ atināmeti.\nDvattikkhattuṁ kho bhavaṁ gotamo mukhe ālopaṁ samparivattetvā ajjhoharati;\nna cassa kāci odanamiñjā asambhinnā kāyaṁ pavisati, na cassa kāci odanamiñjā mukhe avasiṭṭhā hoti;\nathāparaṁ ālopaṁ upanāmeti.\nRasapaṭisaṁvedī kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo āhāraṁ āhāreti, no ca rasarāgapaṭisaṁvedī.\nAṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṁ kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo āhāraṁ āhāreti—\nneva davāya, na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṁsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya: ‘iti purāṇañca vedanaṁ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṁ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti.","en":"He receives neither too little nor too much water.\nHe rinses the bowl without making a sloshing noise, or spinning it around. He doesn’t put the bowl on the ground to rinse his hands; his hands and bowl are rinsed at the same time.\nHe doesn’t throw the bowl rinsing water away too far or too near, or splash it about.\nWhen receiving rice, he holds the bowl neither too straight nor too bent, neither too close nor too loose.\nHe receives neither too little nor too much rice.\nHe eats sauce in a moderate proportion, and doesn’t put too much sauce on his portions.\nHe chews over each portion two or three times before swallowing.\nBut no grain of rice enters his body unchewed, and none remain in his mouth.\nOnly then does he raise another portion to his lips.\nHe eats experiencing the taste, but without experiencing greed for the taste.\nHe eats food thinking of eight reasons:\n‘Not for fun, indulgence, adornment, or decoration, but only to sustain this body, to avoid harm, and to support spiritual practice. In this way, I shall put an end to old discomfort and not give rise to new discomfort, and I will have the means to keep going, blamelessness, and a comfortable abiding.’"}},{"id":"mn91:15","sourceIds":["mn91:15.1","mn91:15.2","mn91:15.3","mn91:15.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So bhuttāvī pattodakaṁ paṭiggaṇhanto na pattaṁ unnāmeti, na pattaṁ onāmeti; na pattaṁ sannāmeti, na pattaṁ vināmeti.\nSo pattodakaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti nātithokaṁ nātibahuṁ.\nSo na khulukhulukārakaṁ pattaṁ dhovati, na samparivattakaṁ pattaṁ dhovati, na pattaṁ bhūmiyaṁ nikkhipitvā hatthe dhovati; hatthesu dhotesu patto dhoto hoti, patte dhote hatthā dhotā honti.\nSo pattodakaṁ chaḍḍeti nātidūre nāccāsanne, na ca vicchaḍḍayamāno.","en":"After eating, when receiving water for washing the bowl, he holds the bowl neither too straight nor too bent, neither too tight nor too loose.\nHe receives neither too little nor too much water.\nHe washes the bowl without making a sloshing noise, or spinning it around. He doesn’t put the bowl on the ground to wash his hands; his hands and bowl are washed at the same time.\nHe doesn’t throw the bowl washing water away too far or too near, or splash it about."}},{"id":"mn91:16","sourceIds":["mn91:16.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So bhuttāvī na pattaṁ bhūmiyaṁ nikkhipati nātidūre nāccāsanne, na ca anatthiko pattena hoti, na ca ativelānurakkhī pattasmiṁ.","en":"After eating he doesn’t put the bowl on the ground too far away or too close. He’s not careless with his bowl, nor does he spend too much time on it."}},{"id":"mn91:17","sourceIds":["mn91:17.1","mn91:17.2","mn91:17.3","mn91:17.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So bhuttāvī muhuttaṁ tuṇhī nisīdati, na ca anumodanassa kālamatināmeti.\nSo bhuttāvī anumodati, na taṁ bhattaṁ garahati, na aññaṁ bhattaṁ paṭikaṅkhati;\naññadatthu dhammiyā kathāya taṁ parisaṁ sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṁseti.\nSo taṁ parisaṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṁsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamati.","en":"After eating he sits a while in silence, but doesn’t wait too long to give the verses of appreciation.\nAfter eating he expresses appreciation without criticizing the meal or expecting another one.\nInvariably, he educates, encourages, fires up, and inspires that assembly with a Dhamma talk.\nThen he gets up from his seat and leaves."}},{"id":"mn91:18","sourceIds":["mn91:18.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So nātisīghaṁ gacchati, nātisaṇikaṁ gacchati, na ca muccitukāmo gacchati;","en":"He walks neither too fast nor too slow, without wanting to get out of there."}},{"id":"mn91:19","sourceIds":["mn91:19.1","mn91:19.2","mn91:19.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"na ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāye cīvaraṁ accukkaṭṭhaṁ hoti na ca accokkaṭṭhaṁ, na ca kāyasmiṁ allīnaṁ na ca kāyasmā apakaṭṭhaṁ;\nna ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāyamhā vāto cīvaraṁ apavahati;\nna ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāye rajojallaṁ upalimpati.","en":"He wears his robe on his body neither too high nor too low, neither too clinging nor too loose.\nThe wind doesn’t blow his robe off his body.\nAnd dust and dirt don’t stick to his body."}},{"id":"mn91:20","sourceIds":["mn91:20.1","mn91:20.2","mn91:20.3","mn91:20.4","mn91:20.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So ārāmagato nisīdati paññatte āsane. Nisajja pāde pakkhāleti;\nna ca so bhavaṁ gotamo pādamaṇḍanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.\nSo pāde pakkhāletvā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.\nSo neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti;\nattahitaparahitaubhayahitasabbalokahitameva so bhavaṁ gotamo cintento nisinno hoti.","en":"When he has gone to the monastery he sits on a seat spread out and washes his feet.\nBut he doesn’t waste time with pedicures.\nWhen he has washed his feet, he sits down cross-legged, sets his body straight, and brings mindfulness to the present.\nHe has no intention to hurt himself, hurt others, or hurt both.\nHe only wishes for the welfare of himself, of others, of both, and of the whole world."}},{"id":"mn91:21","sourceIds":["mn91:21.1","mn91:21.2","mn91:21.3","mn91:21.4","mn91:21.5","mn91:21.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"So ārāmagato parisati dhammaṁ deseti, na taṁ parisaṁ ussādeti, na taṁ parisaṁ apasādeti;\naññadatthu dhammiyā kathāya taṁ parisaṁ sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṁseti.\nAṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho panassa bhoto gotamassa mukhato ghoso niccharati—\nvissaṭṭho ca, viññeyyo ca, mañju ca, savanīyo ca, bindu ca, avisārī ca, gambhīro ca, ninnādī ca.\nYathāparisaṁ kho pana so bhavaṁ gotamo sarena viññāpeti, na cassa bahiddhā parisāya ghoso niccharati.\nTe tena bhotā gotamena dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamanti avalokayamānāyeva avijahitattā.","en":"In the monastery when he teaches Dhamma to an assembly, he neither flatters them nor rebukes them.\nInvariably, he educates, encourages, fires up, and inspires that assembly with a Dhamma talk.\nThe sound of his voice has eight qualities:\nit is clear, comprehensible, charming, audible, lucid, undistorted, deep, and resonant.\nHe makes sure his voice is intelligible as far as the assembly goes, but the sound doesn’t extend outside the assembly.\nAnd when they’ve been inspired with a Dhamma talk by the worthy Gotama they get up from their seats and leave looking back at him alone, and not forgetting their lesson."}},{"id":"mn91:22","sourceIds":["mn91:22.1","mn91:22.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Addasāma kho mayaṁ, bho, taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ gacchantaṁ, addasāma ṭhitaṁ, addasāma antaragharaṁ pavisantaṁ, addasāma antaraghare nisinnaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ, addasāma antaraghare bhuñjantaṁ, addasāma bhuttāviṁ nisinnaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ, addasāma bhuttāviṁ anumodantaṁ, addasāma ārāmaṁ gacchantaṁ, addasāma ārāmagataṁ nisinnaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ, addasāma ārāmagataṁ parisati dhammaṁ desentaṁ.\nEdiso ca ediso ca so bhavaṁ gotamo, tato ca bhiyyo”ti.","en":"I have seen the worthy Gotama walking and standing; entering inhabited areas, and sitting and eating there; sitting silently after eating, and expressing appreciation; going to the monastery, sitting silently there, and teaching Dhamma to an assembly there.\nSuch is the worthy Gotama; such he is and more than that.”"}},{"id":"mn91:23","sourceIds":["mn91:23.1","mn91:23.2","mn91:23.3","mn91:23.4","mn91:23.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṁ udānaṁ udāneti:\n“Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.\nNamo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.\nNamo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassāti.\nAppeva nāma mayaṁ kadāci karahaci tena bhotā gotamena samāgaccheyyāma? Appeva nāma siyā kocideva kathāsallāpo”ti.","en":"When he had spoken, the brahmin Brahmāyu rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha, and uttered this aphorism three times:\n“Homage to him, the blessed one, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha!\nHomage to him, the blessed one, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha!\nHomage to him, the blessed one, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha!\nHopefully, some time or other I’ll get to meet him, and we can have a discussion.”"}},{"id":"mn91:24","sourceIds":["mn91:24.1","mn91:24.2","mn91:24.3","mn91:24.4","mn91:24.5","mn91:24.6","mn91:24.7","mn91:24.8","mn91:24.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā videhesu anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena mithilā tadavasari.\nTatra sudaṁ bhagavā mithilāyaṁ viharati maghadevaambavane.\nAssosuṁ kho mithileyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā:\n“samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito videhesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi mithilaṁ anuppatto, mithilāyaṁ viharati maghadevaambavane.\nTaṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:\n‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti.\nSo imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti.\nSo dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti.\nSādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti.","en":"And then the Buddha, traveling stage by stage in the Videhan lands, arrived at Mithilā,\nwhere he stayed in the Maghadeva Mango Grove.\nThe brahmins and householders of Mithilā heard:\n“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Mithilā, where he is staying in the Maghadeva Mango Grove.\nHe has this good reputation:\n‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’\nHe has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.\nHe teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.\nIt’s good to see such perfected ones.”"}},{"id":"mn91:25","sourceIds":["mn91:25.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho mithileyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu, sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṁ sāvetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.","en":"Then the brahmins and householders of Mithilā went up to the Buddha. Before sitting down to one side, some bowed, some exchanged greetings and polite conversation, some held up their cupped palms toward the Buddha, some announced their name and clan, while some kept silent."}},{"id":"mn91:26","sourceIds":["mn91:26.1","mn91:26.2","mn91:26.3","mn91:26.4","mn91:26.5","mn91:26.6","mn91:26.7","mn91:26.8","mn91:26.9","mn91:26.10","mn91:26.11","mn91:26.12","mn91:26.13","mn91:26.14","mn91:26.15","mn91:26.16","mn91:26.17","mn91:26.18","mn91:26.19","mn91:26.20","mn91:26.21","mn91:26.22","mn91:26.23","mn91:26.24","mn91:26.25","mn91:26.26","mn91:26.27","mn91:26.28","mn91:26.29"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Assosi kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo: “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito mithilaṁ anuppatto, mithilāyaṁ viharati maghadevaambavane”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo sambahulehi sāvakehi saddhiṁ yena maghadevaambavanaṁ tenupasaṅkami.\nAtha kho brahmāyuno brāhmaṇassa avidūre ambavanassa etadahosi:\n“na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ yohaṁ pubbe appaṭisaṁvidito samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyan”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo aññataraṁ māṇavakaṁ āmantesi:\n“ehi tvaṁ, māṇavaka, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ appābādhaṁ appātaṅkaṁ lahuṭṭhānaṁ balaṁ phāsuvihāraṁ puccha:\n‘brahmāyu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ appābādhaṁ appātaṅkaṁ lahuṭṭhānaṁ balaṁ phāsuvihāraṁ pucchatī’ti.\nEvañca vadehi:\n‘brahmāyu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, vīsavassasatiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo.\nYāvatā, bho, brāhmaṇagahapatikā mithilāyaṁ paṭivasanti, brahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ bhogehi;\nbrahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ mantehi;\nbrahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ āyunā ceva yasasā ca.\nSo bhoto gotamassa dassanakāmo’”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho so māṇavako brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho so māṇavako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:\n“brahmāyu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ appābādhaṁ appātaṅkaṁ lahuṭṭhānaṁ balaṁ phāsuvihāraṁ pucchati;\nevañca vadeti:\n‘brahmāyu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, vīsavassasatiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo.\nYāvatā, bho, brāhmaṇagahapatikā mithilāyaṁ paṭivasanti, brahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ bhogehi;\nbrahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ mantehi;\nbrahmāyu tesaṁ brāhmaṇo aggamakkhāyati—\nyadidaṁ āyunā ceva yasasā ca.\nSo bhoto gotamassa dassanakāmo’”ti.\n“Yassadāni, māṇava, brahmāyu brāhmaṇo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"The brahmin Brahmāyu also heard that the Buddha had arrived.\nSo he went to the Maghadeva Mango Grove together with several disciples.\nNot far from the grove he thought,\n“It wouldn’t be appropriate for me to go to see the ascetic Gotama without letting him know beforehand.”\nSo he addressed one of his young students:\n“Here, young student, go to the ascetic Gotama and in my name bow with your head to his feet. Ask him if he is healthy and well, nimble, strong, and living comfortably.\nAnd then say:\n‘Worthy Gotama, the brahmin Brahmāyu is old, elderly, and senior, advanced in years, having reached the final stage of life; he is a hundred and twenty years old. He has mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knows them word-by-word, and their grammar. He is well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man.\nOf all the brahmins and householders residing in Mithilā, Brahmāyu is said to be the foremost in\nwealth,\nhymns,\nlifespan, and fame.\nHe wants to see the worthy Gotama.’”\n“Yes, worthy sir,” that young student replied. He did as he was asked, and the Buddha said,\n“Please, student, let Brahmāyu come at his convenience.”"}},{"id":"mn91:27","sourceIds":["mn91:27.1","mn91:27.2","mn91:27.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho so māṇavako yena brahmāyu brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:\n“katāvakāso khomhi bhavatā samaṇena gotamena.\nYassadāni bhavaṁ kālaṁ maññatī”ti.","en":"The young student went back to Brahmāyu and said to him,\n“Your request for an audience with the ascetic Gotama has been granted.\nPlease go at your convenience.”"}},{"id":"mn91:28","sourceIds":["mn91:28.1","mn91:28.2","mn91:28.3","mn91:28.4","mn91:28.5","mn91:28.6","mn91:28.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami.\nAddasā kho sā parisā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ.\nDisvāna oramiya okāsamakāsi yathā taṁ ñātassa yasassino.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo taṁ parisaṁ etadavoca:\n“alaṁ, bho.\nNisīdatha tumhe sake āsane.\nIdhāhaṁ samaṇassa gotamassa santike nisīdissāmī”ti.","en":"Then the brahmin Brahmāyu went up to the Buddha.\nThe assembly saw him coming off in the distance,\nand made way for him, as he was well-known and famous.\nBrahmāyu said to that retinue,\n“Enough, gentlemen.\nPlease sit on your own seats.\nI shall sit here by the ascetic Gotama.”"}},{"id":"mn91:29","sourceIds":["mn91:29.1","mn91:29.2","mn91:29.3","mn91:29.4","mn91:29.5","mn91:29.6","mn91:29.7","mn91:29.8","mn91:29.9","mn91:29.10","mn91:29.11","mn91:29.12","mn91:29.13","mn91:29.14","mn91:29.15","mn91:29.16","mn91:29.17","mn91:29.18","mn91:29.19","mn91:29.20","mn91:29.21","mn91:29.22","mn91:29.23"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.\nSammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.\nEkamantaṁ nisinno kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavato kāye dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi.\nAddasā kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavato kāye dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve.\nDvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati—\nkosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:\n“Ye me dvattiṁsāti sutā,\nmahāpurisalakkhaṇā;\nDuve tesaṁ na passāmi,\nbhoto kāyasmiṁ gotama.\nKacci kosohitaṁ bhoto,\nvatthaguyhaṁ naruttama;\nNārīsamānasavhayā,\nkacci jivhā na dassakā.\nKacci pahūtajivhosi,\nyathā taṁ jāniyāmase;\nNinnāmayetaṁ pahūtaṁ,\nkaṅkhaṁ vinaya no ise.\nDiṭṭhadhammahitatthāya,\nsamparāyasukhāya ca;\nKatāvakāsā pucchāma,\nyaṁ kiñci abhipatthitan”ti.","en":"Then the brahmin Brahmāyu went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.\nWhen the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side,\nand scrutinized the Buddha’s body for the thirty-two marks of a great man.\nHe saw all of them except two,\nwhich he had doubts about:\nwhether the private parts are sheathed in a foreskin, and the largeness of the tongue.\nThen Brahmāyu addressed the Buddha in verse:\n“I have learned of the thirty-two\nmarks of a great man.\nThere are two that I don’t see\non the body of the worthy Gotama.\nAre the private parts sheathed in a foreskin,\nO supreme man?\nThough called by a word of the feminine gender,\nperhaps your tongue is a manly one?\nPerhaps your tongue is large,\nas we have been informed.\nPlease stick it out in its full extent,\nand so, O seer, dispel my doubt.\nFor my welfare and benefit in this life,\nand happiness in lives to come.\nAnd I ask you to grant the opportunity\nto ask whatever I desire.”"}},{"id":"mn91:30","sourceIds":["mn91:30.1","mn91:30.2","mn91:30.3","mn91:30.4","mn91:30.5","mn91:30.6","mn91:30.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi:\n“passati kho me ayaṁ brahmāyu brāhmaṇo dvattiṁsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve.\nDvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati—\nkosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya cā”ti.\nAtha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṁ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṁ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavato kosohitaṁ vatthaguyhaṁ.\nAtha kho bhagavā jivhaṁ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi; ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi; kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṁ jivhāya chādesi.\nAtha kho bhagavā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ gāthāhi paccabhāsi:","en":"Then it occurred to the Buddha,\n“Brahmāyu sees all the marks except two,\nwhich he has doubts about:\nwhether the private parts are sheathed in a foreskin, and the largeness of the tongue.”\nSo the Buddha used his psychic power to will that Brahmāyu would see his private parts sheathed in a foreskin.\nAnd he stuck out his tongue and stroked back and forth on his ear holes and nostrils, and covered his entire forehead with his tongue.\nThen the Buddha replied to Brahmāyu in verse:"}},{"id":"mn91:31","sourceIds":["mn91:31.1","mn91:31.2","mn91:31.3","mn91:31.4","mn91:31.5","mn91:31.6","mn91:31.7","mn91:31.8","mn91:31.9","mn91:31.10","mn91:31.11","mn91:31.12"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Ye te dvattiṁsāti sutā,\nmahāpurisalakkhaṇā;\nSabbe te mama kāyasmiṁ,\nmā te kaṅkhāhu brāhmaṇa.\nAbhiññeyyaṁ abhiññātaṁ,\nbhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṁ;\nPahātabbaṁ pahīnaṁ me,\ntasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇa.\nDiṭṭhadhammahitatthāya,\nsamparāyasukhāya ca;\nKatāvakāso pucchassu,\nyaṁ kiñci abhipatthitan”ti.","en":"“The thirty-two marks of a great man\nthat you have learned\nare all found on my body:\nso do not doubt, brahmin.\nI have known what should be known,\nand developed what should be developed,\nand given up what should be given up:\nand so, brahmin, I am a Buddha.\nFor your welfare and benefit in this life,\nand happiness in lives to come:\nI grant you the opportunity\nto ask whatever you desire.”"}},{"id":"mn91:32","sourceIds":["mn91:32.1","mn91:32.2","mn91:32.3","mn91:32.4","mn91:32.5","mn91:32.6","mn91:32.7","mn91:32.8","mn91:32.9","mn91:32.10","mn91:32.11","mn91:32.12","mn91:32.13","mn91:32.14","mn91:32.15","mn91:32.16","mn91:32.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi:\n“katāvakāso khomhi samaṇena gotamena.\nKiṁ nu kho ahaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ puccheyyaṁ:\n‘diṭṭhadhammikaṁ vā atthaṁ samparāyikaṁ vā’”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi:\n“kusalo kho ahaṁ diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ atthānaṁ.\nAññepi maṁ diṭṭhadhammikaṁ atthaṁ pucchanti.\nYannūnāhaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ samparāyikaṁyeva atthaṁ puccheyyan”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:\n“Kathaṁ kho brāhmaṇo hoti,\nkathaṁ bhavati vedagū;\nTevijjo bho kathaṁ hoti,\nsotthiyo kinti vuccati.\nArahaṁ bho kathaṁ hoti,\nkathaṁ bhavati kevalī;\nMuni ca bho kathaṁ hoti,\nbuddho kinti pavuccatī”ti.","en":"Then Brahmāyu thought:\n“My request has been granted.\nShould I ask him about\nwhat is beneficial in this life or the next?”\nThen he thought,\n“I’m well versed in the benefits that apply to this life,\nand others ask me about this.\nWhy don’t I ask the ascetic Gotama about the benefit that specifically applies to lives to come?”\nSo Brahmāyu addressed the Buddha in verse:\n“How do you become a brahmin?\nAnd how do you become a knowledge master?\nHow a master of the three knowledges?\nAnd how is one called a scholar?\nHow do you become a perfected one?\nAnd how a consummate one?\nHow do you become a sage?\nAnd how is one declared to be awakened?”"}},{"id":"mn91:33","sourceIds":["mn91:33.1","mn91:33.2","mn91:33.3","mn91:33.4","mn91:33.5","mn91:33.6","mn91:33.7","mn91:33.8","mn91:33.9","mn91:33.10","mn91:33.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ gāthāhi paccabhāsi:\n“Pubbenivāsaṁ yo vedi,\nsaggāpāyañca passati;\nAtho jātikkhayaṁ patto,\nabhiññā vosito muni.\nCittaṁ visuddhaṁ jānāti,\nmuttaṁ rāgehi sabbaso;\nPahīnajātimaraṇo,\nbrahmacariyassa kevalī;\nPāragū sabbadhammānaṁ,\nbuddho tādī pavuccatī”ti.","en":"Then the Buddha replied to Brahmāyu in verse:\n“One who knows their past lives,\nsees heaven and places of loss,\nand has attained the end of rebirth:\nsuch a sage has perfect insight.\nThey know their mind is pure,\ncompletely freed from greed;\nthey’ve given up birth and death,\nand have completed the spiritual journey.\nGone beyond all things,\nsuch a one is declared to be awakened.”"}},{"id":"mn91:34","sourceIds":["mn91:34.1","mn91:34.2","mn91:34.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ vutte, brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti:\n“brahmāyu ahaṁ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo;\nbrahmāyu ahaṁ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo”ti.","en":"When he said this, Brahmāyu got up from his seat and arranged his robe over one shoulder. He bowed with his head to the Buddha’s feet, caressing them and covering them with kisses, and pronounced his name:\n“I am the brahmin Brahmāyu, worthy Gotama!\nI am the brahmin Brahmāyu!”"}},{"id":"mn91:35","sourceIds":["mn91:35.1","mn91:35.2","mn91:35.3","mn91:35.4","mn91:35.5","mn91:35.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho sā parisā acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahosi:\n“acchariyaṁ vata bho, abbhutaṁ vata bho.\nYatra hi nāmāyaṁ brahmāyu brāhmaṇo ñāto yasassī evarūpaṁ paramanipaccakāraṁ karissatī”ti.\nAtha kho bhagavā brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca:\n“alaṁ, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhaha nisīda tvaṁ sake āsane yato te mayi cittaṁ pasannan”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhahitvā sake āsane nisīdi.","en":"Then that assembly, their minds full of wonder and amazement, thought,\n“Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing,\nthat Brahmāyu, who is so well-known and famous, should show the Buddha such utmost deference.”\nThen the Buddha said to Brahmāyu,\n“Enough, brahmin. Get up, and sit in your own seat, since your mind has such confidence in me.”\nSo Brahmāyu got up and sat in his own seat."}},{"id":"mn91:36","sourceIds":["mn91:36.1","mn91:36.2","mn91:36.3","mn91:36.4","mn91:36.5","mn91:36.6","mn91:36.7","mn91:36.8","mn91:36.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa anupubbiṁ kathaṁ kathesi, seyyathidaṁ—\ndānakathaṁ, sīlakathaṁ, saggakathaṁ;\nkāmānaṁ ādīnavaṁ okāraṁ saṅkilesaṁ nekkhamme ānisaṁsaṁ pakāsesi.\nYadā bhagavā aññāsi brahmāyuṁ brāhmaṇaṁ kallacittaṁ muducittaṁ vinīvaraṇacittaṁ udaggacittaṁ pasannacittaṁ, atha yā buddhānaṁ sāmukkaṁsikā dhammadesanā taṁ pakāsesi—\ndukkhaṁ, samudayaṁ, nirodhaṁ, maggaṁ.\nSeyyathāpi nāma suddhaṁ vatthaṁ apagatakāḷakaṁ sammadeva rajanaṁ paṭiggaṇheyya;\nevameva brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa tasmiṁyeva āsane virajaṁ vītamalaṁ dhammacakkhuṁ udapādi:\n“yaṁ kiñci samudayadhammaṁ sabbaṁ taṁ nirodhadhamman”ti.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṅkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:","en":"Then the Buddha taught him step by step, with\na talk on giving, ethical conduct, and heaven.\nHe revealed the drawbacks of sensual pleasures, so sordid and corrupt, and the benefit of renunciation.\nAnd when the Buddha knew that Brahmāyu’s mind was ready, pliable, rid of hindrances, elated, and confident he revealed the special teaching of the Buddhas:\nsuffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path.\nJust as a clean cloth rid of stains would properly absorb dye,\nin that very seat the stainless, immaculate vision of the Dhamma arose in the brahmin Brahmāyu:\n“Everything that is liable to arise is liable to cease.”\nThen Brahmāyu saw, attained, understood, and fathomed the Dhamma. He went beyond doubt, got rid of indecision, and became self-assured and independent of others regarding the Teacher’s instructions. He said to the Buddha:"}},{"id":"mn91:37","sourceIds":["mn91:37.1","mn91:37.2","mn91:37.3","mn91:37.4","mn91:37.5","mn91:37.6","mn91:37.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama.\nSeyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.\nEsāhaṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.\nUpāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gataṁ.\nAdhivāsetu ca me bhavaṁ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti.\nAdhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi.","en":"“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent!\nAs if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the teaching clear in many ways.\nI go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.\nFrom this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.\nWould you and the mendicant Saṅgha please accept tomorrow’s meal from me?”\nThe Buddha consented with silence.\nThen, knowing that the Buddha had consented, Brahmāyu rose from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving."}},{"id":"mn91:38","sourceIds":["mn91:38.1","mn91:38.2","mn91:38.3","mn91:38.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesi:\n“kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti.\nAtha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo sattāhaṁ buddhappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.","en":"And when the night had passed Brahmāyu had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in his own home. Then he had the Buddha informed of the time, saying,\n“It’s time, worthy Gotama, the meal is ready.”\nThen the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of the brahmin Brahmāyu, where he sat down on the seat spread out together with the Saṅgha of mendicants.\nFor seven days, Brahmāyu served and satisfied the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha with his own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods."}},{"id":"mn91:39","sourceIds":["mn91:39.1","mn91:39.2","mn91:39.3","mn91:39.4","mn91:39.5","mn91:39.6","mn91:39.7","mn91:39.8","mn91:39.9","mn91:39.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena videhesu cārikaṁ pakkāmi.\nAtha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo acirapakkantassa bhagavato kālamakāsi.\nAtha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:\n“brahmāyu, bhante, brāhmaṇo kālaṅkato.\nTassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti?\n“Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, brahmāyu brāhmaṇo paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṁ, na ca maṁ dhammādhikaraṇaṁ vihesesi.\nBrahmāyu, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇo pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī, anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā”ti.\nIdamavoca bhagavā.\nAttamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.\nBrahmāyusuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.","en":"When the seven days had passed, the Buddha left to wander in the Videhan lands.\nNot long after the Buddha left, Brahmāyu passed away.\nThen several mendicants went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,\n“Sir, Brahmāyu has passed away.\nWhere has he been reborn in his next life?”\n“Mendicants, the brahmin Brahmāyu was astute. He practiced in line with the teaching, and did not trouble me about the teachings.\nWith the ending of the five lower fetters, he’s been reborn spontaneously and will become extinguished there, not liable to return from that world.”\nThat is what the Buddha said.\nSatisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/mn91/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}