{"id":"sn12.2","title":"Analysis","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn12.2","title":"Analysis","units":[{"id":"sn12.2:0","sourceIds":["sn12.2:0.1","sn12.2:0.2","sn12.2:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.2\n1. Buddhavagga\nVibhaṅgasutta","en":"Linked Discourses 12.2\n1. The Buddhas\nAnalysis"}},{"id":"sn12.2:1","sourceIds":["sn12.2:1.1","sn12.2:1.2","sn12.2:1.3","sn12.2:1.4","sn12.2:1.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati.\n“Paṭiccasamuppādaṁ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi vibhajissāmi.\nTaṁ suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.\nBhagavā etadavoca:","en":"At Sāvatthī.\n“Mendicants, I will teach and analyze for you dependent origination.\nListen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”\n“Yes, sir,” they replied.\nThe Buddha said this:"}},{"id":"sn12.2:2","sourceIds":["sn12.2:2.1","sn12.2:2.2","sn12.2:2.3","sn12.2:2.4","sn12.2:2.5","sn12.2:2.6","sn12.2:2.7","sn12.2:2.8","sn12.2:2.9","sn12.2:2.10","sn12.2:2.11","sn12.2:2.12","sn12.2:2.13"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo?\nAvijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā;\nsaṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ;\nviññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ;\nnāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ;\nsaḷāyatanapaccayā phasso;\nphassapaccayā vedanā;\nvedanāpaccayā taṇhā;\ntaṇhāpaccayā upādānaṁ;\nupādānapaccayā bhavo;\nbhavapaccayā jāti;\njātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti.\nEvametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.","en":"“And what is dependent origination?\nIgnorance is a requirement for choices.\nChoices are a requirement for consciousness.\nConsciousness is a requirement for name and form.\nName and form are requirements for the six sense fields.\nThe six sense fields are requirements for contact.\nContact is a requirement for feeling.\nFeeling is a requirement for craving.\nCraving is a requirement for grasping.\nGrasping is a requirement for continued existence.\nContinued existence is a requirement for rebirth.\nRebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be.\nThat is how this entire mass of suffering originates."}},{"id":"sn12.2:3","sourceIds":["sn12.2:3.1","sn12.2:3.2","sn12.2:3.3","sn12.2:3.4","sn12.2:3.5","sn12.2:3.6","sn12.2:3.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ?\nYā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṁ pāliccaṁ valittacatā āyuno saṁhāni indriyānaṁ paripāko;\nayaṁ vuccati jarā.\nYā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṁ maccu maraṇaṁ kālakiriyā khandhānaṁ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo (…),\nidaṁ vuccati maraṇaṁ.\nIti ayañca jarā, idañca maraṇaṁ.\nIdaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ.","en":"And what is old age and death?\nThe old age, decrepitude, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkly skin, diminished vitality, and failing faculties of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings.\nThis is called old age.\nThe passing away, passing on, disintegration, demise, mortality, death, decease, breaking up of the aggregates, and laying to rest of the corpse of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings.\nThis is called death.\nSuch is old age, and such is death.\nThis is called old age and death."}},{"id":"sn12.2:4","sourceIds":["sn12.2:4.1","sn12.2:4.2","sn12.2:4.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti?\nYā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṁ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṁ paṭilābho.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.","en":"And what is rebirth?\nThe rebirth, inception, conception, regeneration, manifestation of the aggregates, and acquisition of the sense fields of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings.\nThis is called rebirth."}},{"id":"sn12.2:5","sourceIds":["sn12.2:5.1","sn12.2:5.2","sn12.2:5.3","sn12.2:5.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo?\nTayome, bhikkhave, bhavā—\nkāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhavo.","en":"And what is continued existence?\nThere are these three states of existence.\nExistence in the sensual realm, the realm of luminous form, and the formless realm.\nThis is called continued existence."}},{"id":"sn12.2:6","sourceIds":["sn12.2:6.1","sn12.2:6.2","sn12.2:6.3","sn12.2:6.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṁ?\nCattārimāni, bhikkhave, upādānāni—\nkāmupādānaṁ, diṭṭhupādānaṁ, sīlabbatupādānaṁ, attavādupādānaṁ.\nIdaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, upādānaṁ.","en":"And what is grasping?\nThere are these four kinds of grasping.\nGrasping at sensual pleasures, views, precepts and observances, and theories of a self.\nThis is called grasping."}},{"id":"sn12.2:7","sourceIds":["sn12.2:7.1","sn12.2:7.2","sn12.2:7.3","sn12.2:7.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, taṇhā?\nChayime, bhikkhave, taṇhākāyā—\nrūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, taṇhā.","en":"And what is craving?\nThere are these six classes of craving.\nCraving for sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas.\nThis is called craving."}},{"id":"sn12.2:8","sourceIds":["sn12.2:8.1","sn12.2:8.2","sn12.2:8.3","sn12.2:8.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā?\nChayime, bhikkhave, vedanākāyā—\ncakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā, manosamphassajā vedanā.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, vedanā.","en":"And what is feeling?\nThere are these six classes of feeling.\nFeeling born of contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.\nThis is called feeling."}},{"id":"sn12.2:9","sourceIds":["sn12.2:9.1","sn12.2:9.2","sn12.2:9.3","sn12.2:9.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, phasso?\nChayime, bhikkhave, phassakāyā—\ncakkhusamphasso, sotasamphasso, ghānasamphasso, jivhāsamphasso, kāyasamphasso, manosamphasso.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, phasso.","en":"And what is contact?\nThere are these six classes of contact.\nContact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.\nThis is called contact."}},{"id":"sn12.2:10","sourceIds":["sn12.2:10.1","sn12.2:10.2","sn12.2:10.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṁ?\nCakkhāyatanaṁ, sotāyatanaṁ, ghānāyatanaṁ, jivhāyatanaṁ, kāyāyatanaṁ, manāyatanaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṁ.","en":"And what are the six sense fields?\nThe sense fields of the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.\nThese are called the six sense fields."}},{"id":"sn12.2:11","sourceIds":["sn12.2:11.1","sn12.2:11.2","sn12.2:11.3","sn12.2:11.4","sn12.2:11.5","sn12.2:11.6","sn12.2:11.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṁ?\nVedanā, saññā, cetanā, phasso, manasikāro—\nidaṁ vuccati nāmaṁ.\nCattāro ca mahābhūtā, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāyarūpaṁ.\nIdaṁ vuccati rūpaṁ.\nIti idañca nāmaṁ, idañca rūpaṁ.\nIdaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṁ.","en":"And what are name and form?\nFeeling, perception, intention, contact, and application of mind.\nThis is called name.\nThe four principal states, and form derived from the four principal states.\nThis is called form.\nSuch is name and such is form.\nThese are called name and form."}},{"id":"sn12.2:12","sourceIds":["sn12.2:12.1","sn12.2:12.2","sn12.2:12.3","sn12.2:12.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṁ?\nChayime, bhikkhave, viññāṇakāyā—\ncakkhuviññāṇaṁ, sotaviññāṇaṁ, ghānaviññāṇaṁ, jivhāviññāṇaṁ, kāyaviññāṇaṁ, manoviññāṇaṁ.\nIdaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṁ.","en":"And what is consciousness?\nThere are these six classes of consciousness.\nEye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind consciousness.\nThis is called consciousness."}},{"id":"sn12.2:13","sourceIds":["sn12.2:13.1","sn12.2:13.2","sn12.2:13.3","sn12.2:13.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā?\nTayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā—\nkāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro.\nIme vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā.","en":"And what are choices?\nThere are three kinds of choices.\nChoices by way of body, speech, and mind.\nThese are called choices."}},{"id":"sn12.2:14","sourceIds":["sn12.2:14.1","sn12.2:14.2","sn12.2:14.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, avijjā?\nYaṁ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe aññāṇaṁ, dukkhasamudaye aññāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhe aññāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇaṁ.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, avijjā.","en":"And what is ignorance?\nNot knowing about suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.\nThis is called ignorance."}},{"id":"sn12.2:15","sourceIds":["sn12.2:15.1","sn12.2:15.2","sn12.2:15.3","sn12.2:15.4","sn12.2:15.5","sn12.2:15.6","sn12.2:15.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā;\nsaṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ …pe…\nevametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.\nAvijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho;\nsaṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho …pe…\nevametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti.\nDutiyaṁ.","en":"And so, ignorance is a requirement for choices.\nChoices are a requirement for consciousness. …\nThat is how this entire mass of suffering originates.\nWhen ignorance fades away and ceases with no residue left behind, choices cease.\nWhen choices cease, consciousness ceases. …\nThat is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn12.2/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}