{"id":"sn12.33","title":"Grounds for Knowledge","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn12.33","title":"Grounds for Knowledge","units":[{"id":"sn12.33:0","sourceIds":["sn12.33:0.1","sn12.33:0.2","sn12.33:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.33\n4. Kaḷārakhattiyavagga\nÑāṇavatthusutta","en":"Linked Discourses 12.33\n4. Kaḷāra the Aristocrat\nGrounds for Knowledge"}},{"id":"sn12.33:1","sourceIds":["sn12.33:1.1","sn12.33:1.2","sn12.33:1.3","sn12.33:1.4","sn12.33:1.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sāvatthiyaṁ …\n“Catucattārīsaṁ vo, bhikkhave, ñāṇavatthūni desessāmi,\ntaṁ suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.\n“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.\nBhagavā etadavoca:","en":"At Sāvatthī.\n“Mendicants, I will teach forty-four grounds for knowledge.\nListen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”\n“Yes, sir,” they replied.\nThe Buddha said this:"}},{"id":"sn12.33:2","sourceIds":["sn12.33:2.1","sn12.33:2.2","sn12.33:2.3","sn12.33:2.4","sn12.33:2.5","sn12.33:2.6","sn12.33:2.7","sn12.33:2.8","sn12.33:2.9","sn12.33:2.10","sn12.33:2.11","sn12.33:2.12","sn12.33:2.13"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Katamāni, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṁ ñāṇavatthūni?\nJarāmaraṇe ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\njātiyā ñāṇaṁ, jātisamudaye ñāṇaṁ, jātinirodhe ñāṇaṁ, jātinirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\nbhave ñāṇaṁ, bhavasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, bhavanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, bhavanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\nupādāne ñāṇaṁ, upādānasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, upādānanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, upādānanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\ntaṇhāya ñāṇaṁ, taṇhāsamudaye ñāṇaṁ, taṇhānirodhe ñāṇaṁ, taṇhānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\nvedanāya ñāṇaṁ, vedanāsamudaye ñāṇaṁ, vedanānirodhe ñāṇaṁ, vedanānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ;\nphasse ñāṇaṁ …pe…\nsaḷāyatane ñāṇaṁ …\nnāmarūpe ñāṇaṁ …\nviññāṇe ñāṇaṁ …\nsaṅkhāresu ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhārasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhāranirodhe ñāṇaṁ, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ.\nImāni vuccanti, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṁ ñāṇavatthūni.","en":"“And what are the forty-four grounds for knowledge?\nKnowledge of old age and death, knowledge of the origin of old age and death, knowledge of the cessation of old age and death, and knowledge of the practice that leads to the cessation of old age and death.\nKnowledge of rebirth …\nKnowledge of continued existence …\nKnowledge of grasping …\nKnowledge of craving …\nKnowledge of feeling …\nKnowledge of contact …\nKnowledge of the six sense fields …\nKnowledge of name and form …\nKnowledge of consciousness …\nKnowledge of choices, knowledge of the origin of choices, knowledge of the cessation of choices, and knowledge of the practice that leads to the cessation of choices.\nThese are called the forty-four grounds for knowledge."}},{"id":"sn12.33:3","sourceIds":["sn12.33:3.1","sn12.33:3.2","sn12.33:3.3","sn12.33:3.4","sn12.33:3.5","sn12.33:3.6","sn12.33:3.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ?\nYā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṁ pāliccaṁ valittacatā āyuno saṁhāni indriyānaṁ paripāko,\nayaṁ vuccati jarā.\nYā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṁ maccu maraṇaṁ kālakiriyā khandhānaṁ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo.\nIdaṁ vuccati maraṇaṁ.\nIti ayañca jarā, idañca maraṇaṁ;\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṁ.","en":"And what is old age and death?\nThe old age, decrepitude, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkly skin, diminished vitality, and failing faculties of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings.\nThis is called old age.\nThe passing away, passing on, disintegration, demise, mortality, death, decease, breaking up of the aggregates, and laying to rest of the corpse of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings.\nThis is called death.\nSuch is old age, and such is death.\nThis is called old age and death."}},{"id":"sn12.33:4","sourceIds":["sn12.33:4.1","sn12.33:4.2","sn12.33:4.3","sn12.33:4.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo;\njātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho;\nayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṁ—\nsammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.","en":"Rebirth is the origin of old age and death.\nWhen rebirth ceases, old age and death cease.\nThe practice that leads to the cessation of old age and death is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:\nright view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion."}},{"id":"sn12.33:5","sourceIds":["sn12.33:5.1","sn12.33:5.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṁ jarāmaraṇaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṁ.\nSo iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgate nayaṁ neti.","en":"A noble disciple understands old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation. This is their knowledge of the teaching.\nWith this teaching that is seen, understood, immediately attained, and fathomed, they apply the method to the past and future."}},{"id":"sn12.33:6","sourceIds":["sn12.33:6.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, sabbete evameva abbhaññaṁsu, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi.","en":"Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the past directly knew old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them directly knew these things in exactly the same way that I do now."}},{"id":"sn12.33:7","sourceIds":["sn12.33:7.1","sn12.33:7.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yepi hi keci anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abhijānissanti, sabbete evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahīti.\nIdamassa anvaye ñāṇaṁ.","en":"Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the future will directly know old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them will directly know these things in exactly the same way that I do now.\nThis is their inferential knowledge."}},{"id":"sn12.33:8","sourceIds":["sn12.33:8.1","sn12.33:8.2","sn12.33:8.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni—\ndhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, passati imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṁ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṁ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipīti.","en":"A noble disciple has purified and cleansed these two knowledges—\nknowledge of the teaching and inferential knowledge.\nWhen a noble disciple has done this, they’re one who is called ‘one accomplished in view’, ‘one accomplished in vision’, ‘one who has come to the true teaching’, ‘one who sees this true teaching’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s insight’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s knowledge’, ‘one who has entered the stream of the teaching’, ‘a noble one with penetrative wisdom’, and also ‘one who stands pressing against the door to freedom from death’."}},{"id":"sn12.33:9","sourceIds":["sn12.33:9.1","sn12.33:9.2","sn12.33:9.3","sn12.33:9.4","sn12.33:9.5","sn12.33:9.6","sn12.33:9.7","sn12.33:9.8","sn12.33:9.9","sn12.33:9.10","sn12.33:9.11","sn12.33:9.12","sn12.33:9.13"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti …\nkatamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo …\nkatamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṁ …\nkatamā ca, bhikkhave, taṇhā …\nkatamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā …\nkatamo ca, bhikkhave, phasso …\nkatamañca, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṁ …\nkatamañca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṁ …\nkatamañca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṁ …\nkatame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā?\nTayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā—\nkāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāroti.\nIme vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā.","en":"And what is rebirth? …\nAnd what is continued existence? …\nAnd what is grasping? …\nAnd what is craving? …\nAnd what is feeling? …\nAnd what is contact? …\nAnd what are the six sense fields? …\nAnd what are name and form? …\nAnd what is consciousness? …\nAnd what are choices?\nThere are three kinds of choices.\nChoices by way of body, speech, and mind.\nThese are called choices."}},{"id":"sn12.33:10","sourceIds":["sn12.33:10.1","sn12.33:10.2","sn12.33:10.3","sn12.33:10.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo;\navijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho;\nayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṁ—\nsammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.","en":"Ignorance is the origin of choices.\nWhen ignorance ceases, choices cease.\nThe practice that leads to the cessation of choices is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:\nright view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion."}},{"id":"sn12.33:11","sourceIds":["sn12.33:11.1","sn12.33:11.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṁ saṅkhāre pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhārasamudayaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhāranirodhaṁ pajānāti, evaṁ saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṁ.\nSo iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgate nayaṁ neti.","en":"A noble disciple understands choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation. This is their knowledge of the teaching.\nWith this teaching that is seen, understood, immediately attained, and fathomed, they apply the method to the past and future."}},{"id":"sn12.33:12","sourceIds":["sn12.33:12.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhārasamudayaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhāranirodhaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññaṁsu, sabbete evameva abbhaññaṁsu, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi.","en":"Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the past directly knew choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them directly knew these things in exactly the same way that I do now."}},{"id":"sn12.33:13","sourceIds":["sn12.33:13.1","sn12.33:13.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Ye hipi keci anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abhijānissanti, saṅkhārasamudayaṁ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhaṁ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abhijānissanti, sabbete evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṁ etarahi.\nIdamassa anvaye ñāṇaṁ.","en":"Whatever ascetics and brahmins in the future will directly know choices, their origin, their cessation, and the practice that leads to their cessation, all of them will directly know these things in exactly the same way that I do now.\nThis is their inferential knowledge."}},{"id":"sn12.33:14","sourceIds":["sn12.33:14.1","sn12.33:14.2","sn12.33:14.3","sn12.33:14.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni—\ndhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca.\nAyaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, passati imaṁ saddhammaṁ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṁ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṁ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti.\nTatiyaṁ.","en":"A noble disciple has purified and cleansed these two knowledges—\nknowledge of the teaching and inferential knowledge.\nWhen a noble disciple has done this, they’re one who is called ‘one accomplished in view’, ‘one accomplished in vision’, ‘one who has come to the true teaching’, ‘one who sees this true teaching’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s insight’, ‘one endowed with a trainee’s knowledge’, ‘one who has entered the stream of the teaching’, ‘a noble one with penetrative wisdom’, and also ‘one who stands pressing against the door to freedom from death’.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn12.33/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}