{"id":"sn12.65","title":"The City","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn12.65","title":"The City","units":[{"id":"sn12.65:0","sourceIds":["sn12.65:0.1","sn12.65:0.2","sn12.65:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 12.65\n7. Mahāvagga\nNagarasutta","en":"Linked Discourses 12.65\n7. The Great Chapter\nThe City"}},{"id":"sn12.65:1","sourceIds":["sn12.65:1.1","sn12.65:1.2","sn12.65:1.3","sn12.65:1.4","sn12.65:1.5","sn12.65:1.6","sn12.65:1.7","sn12.65:1.8","sn12.65:1.9"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati.\n“Pubbe me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi:\n‘kicchā vatāyaṁ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca.\nAtha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṁ nappajānāti jarāmaraṇassa.\nKudāssu nāma imassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṁ paññāyissati jarāmaraṇassā’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā jarāmaraṇan’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘jātiyā kho sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan’ti.","en":"At Sāvatthī.\n“Mendicants, before my awakening—when I was still unawakened but intent on awakening—I thought:\n‘Alas, this world has fallen into trouble. It’s born, grows old, dies, passes away, and is reborn,\nyet it doesn’t understand how to escape from this suffering, from old age and death.\nOh, when will an escape be found from this suffering, from old age and death?’\nThen it occurred to me:\n‘When what exists is there old age and death? What is a requirement for old age and death?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When rebirth exists there’s old age and death. Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death.’"}},{"id":"sn12.65:2","sourceIds":["sn12.65:2.1","sn12.65:2.2","sn12.65:2.3","sn12.65:2.4","sn12.65:2.5","sn12.65:2.6","sn12.65:2.7","sn12.65:2.8","sn12.65:2.9","sn12.65:2.10","sn12.65:2.11","sn12.65:2.12","sn12.65:2.13","sn12.65:2.14","sn12.65:2.15","sn12.65:2.16"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho sati jāti hoti …pe…\nbhavo hoti …\nupādānaṁ hoti …\ntaṇhā hoti …\nvedanā hoti …\nphasso hoti …\nsaḷāyatanaṁ hoti …\nnāmarūpaṁ hoti …\nkiṁpaccayā nāmarūpan’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘viññāṇe kho sati nāmarūpaṁ hoti, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpan’ti.\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho sati viññāṇaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā viññāṇan’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘nāmarūpe kho sati viññāṇaṁ hoti, nāmarūpapaccayā viññāṇan’ti.","en":"Then it occurred to me:\n‘When what exists is there rebirth? …\ncontinued existence …\ngrasping …\ncraving …\nfeeling …\ncontact …\nthe six sense fields …\nname and form …\nWhat is a requirement for name and form?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When consciousness exists there are name and form. Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.’\nThen it occurred to me:\n‘When what exists is there consciousness? What is a requirement for consciousness?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When name and form exist there’s consciousness. Name and form are requirements for consciousness.’"}},{"id":"sn12.65:3","sourceIds":["sn12.65:3.1","sn12.65:3.2","sn12.65:3.3","sn12.65:3.4","sn12.65:3.5","sn12.65:3.6","sn12.65:3.7","sn12.65:3.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi—\npaccudāvattati kho idaṁ viññāṇaṁ nāmarūpamhā na paraṁ gacchati.\nEttāvatā jāyetha vā jīyetha vā mīyetha vā cavetha vā upapajjetha vā, yadidaṁ nāmarūpapaccayā viññāṇaṁ;\nviññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ;\nnāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ;\nsaḷāyatanapaccayā phasso …pe…\nevametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.\n‘Samudayo, samudayo’ti kho me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi ñāṇaṁ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi.","en":"Then it occurred to me:\nThis consciousness turns back from name and form, and doesn’t go beyond that.\nThis is the extent to which one may be reborn, grow old, die, pass away, or reappear. That is: name and form are requirements for consciousness.\nConsciousness is a requirement for name and form.\nName and form are requirements for the six sense fields.\nThe six sense fields are requirements for contact. …\nThat is how this entire mass of suffering originates.\n‘Origination, origination.’ Such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in me regarding teachings not learned before from another."}},{"id":"sn12.65:4","sourceIds":["sn12.65:4.1","sn12.65:4.2","sn12.65:4.3","sn12.65:4.4","sn12.65:4.5","sn12.65:4.6","sn12.65:4.7","sn12.65:4.8","sn12.65:4.9","sn12.65:4.10","sn12.65:4.11","sn12.65:4.12","sn12.65:4.13","sn12.65:4.14","sn12.65:4.15","sn12.65:4.16","sn12.65:4.17","sn12.65:4.18","sn12.65:4.19"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho asati, jarāmaraṇaṁ na hoti;\nkissa nirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘jātiyā kho asati, jarāmaraṇaṁ na hoti;\njātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’ti.\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho asati jāti na hoti …pe…\nbhavo na hoti …\nupādānaṁ na hoti …\ntaṇhā na hoti …\nvedanā na hoti …\nphasso na hoti …\nsaḷāyatanaṁ na hoti …\nnāmarūpaṁ na hoti.\nKissa nirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘viññāṇe kho asati, nāmarūpaṁ na hoti;\nviññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’ti.","en":"Then it occurred to me:\n‘When what doesn’t exist is there no old age and death?\nWhen what ceases do old age and death cease?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When rebirth doesn’t exist there is no old age and death.\nWhen rebirth ceases old age and death cease.’\nThen it occurred to me:\n‘When what doesn’t exist is there no rebirth …\ncontinued existence …\ngrasping …\ncraving …\nfeeling …\ncontact …\nsix sense fields …\nname and form?\nWhen what ceases do name and form cease?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When consciousness doesn’t exist there is no name and form.\nWhen consciousness ceases name and form cease.’"}},{"id":"sn12.65:5","sourceIds":["sn12.65:5.1","sn12.65:5.2","sn12.65:5.3","sn12.65:5.4","sn12.65:5.5","sn12.65:5.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘kimhi nu kho asati viññāṇaṁ na hoti;\nkissa nirodhā viññāṇanirodho’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo:\n‘nāmarūpe kho asati, viññāṇaṁ na hoti;\nnāmarūpanirodhā viññāṇanirodho’ti.","en":"Then it occurred to me:\n‘When what doesn’t exist is there no consciousness?\nWhen what ceases does consciousness cease?’\nThen, through rational application of mind, I penetrated with wisdom:\n‘When name and form don’t exist, there is no consciousness.\nWhen name and form cease, consciousness ceases.’"}},{"id":"sn12.65:6","sourceIds":["sn12.65:6.1","sn12.65:6.2","sn12.65:6.3","sn12.65:6.4","sn12.65:6.5","sn12.65:6.6","sn12.65:6.7","sn12.65:6.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi—\nadhigato kho myāyaṁ maggo bodhāya yadidaṁ—\nnāmarūpanirodhā viññāṇanirodho;\nviññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho;\nnāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho;\nsaḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho …pe…\nevametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.\n‘Nirodho, nirodho’ti kho me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi ñāṇaṁ udapādi paññā udapādi vijjā udapādi āloko udapādi.","en":"Then it occurred to me:\nI have discovered the path to awakening. That is:\nWhen name and form cease, consciousness ceases.\nWhen consciousness ceases, name and form cease.\nWhen name and form cease, the six sense fields cease.\nWhen the six sense fields cease, contact ceases. …\nThat is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.\n‘Cessation, cessation.’ Such was the vision, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and light that arose in me regarding teachings not learned before from another."}},{"id":"sn12.65:7","sourceIds":["sn12.65:7.1","sn12.65:7.2","sn12.65:7.3","sn12.65:7.4","sn12.65:7.5","sn12.65:7.6","sn12.65:7.7","sn12.65:7.8","sn12.65:7.9","sn12.65:7.10"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso araññe pavane caramāno passeyya purāṇaṁ maggaṁ purāṇañjasaṁ pubbakehi manussehi anuyātaṁ.\nSo tamanugaccheyya.\nTamanugacchanto passeyya purāṇaṁ nagaraṁ purāṇaṁ rājadhāniṁ pubbakehi manussehi ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ ārāmasampannaṁ vanasampannaṁ pokkharaṇīsampannaṁ uddhāpavantaṁ ramaṇīyaṁ.\nAtha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso rañño vā rājamahāmattassa vā āroceyya:\n‘yagghe, bhante, jāneyyāsi—ahaṁ addasaṁ araññe pavane caramāno purāṇaṁ maggaṁ purāṇañjasaṁ pubbakehi manussehi anuyātaṁ tamanugacchiṁ.\nTamanugacchanto addasaṁ purāṇaṁ nagaraṁ purāṇaṁ rājadhāniṁ pubbakehi manussehi ajjhāvuṭṭhaṁ ārāmasampannaṁ vanasampannaṁ pokkharaṇīsampannaṁ uddhāpavantaṁ ramaṇīyaṁ.\nTaṁ, bhante, nagaraṁ māpehī’ti.\nAtha kho so, bhikkhave, rājā vā rājamahāmatto vā taṁ nagaraṁ māpeyya.\nTadassa nagaraṁ aparena samayena iddhañceva phītañca bāhujaññaṁ ākiṇṇamanussaṁ vuddhivepullappattaṁ.\nEvameva khvāhaṁ, bhikkhave, addasaṁ purāṇaṁ maggaṁ purāṇañjasaṁ pubbakehi sammāsambuddhehi anuyātaṁ.","en":"Suppose a person was walking through a forest. They’d see an ancient path, an ancient route traveled by humans in the past.\nFollowing it along,\nthey’d see an ancient city, an ancient capital, inhabited by humans in the past. It was lovely, complete with parks, groves, lotus ponds, and embankments.\nThen that person would inform a king or their chief minister:\n‘Please sir, you should know this. While walking through a forest I saw an ancient path, an ancient route traveled by humans in the past.\nFollowing it along I saw an ancient city, an ancient capital, inhabited by humans in the past. It was lovely, complete with parks, groves, lotus ponds, and embankments.\nSir, you should rebuild that city!’\nThen that king or their chief minister would have that city rebuilt.\nAnd after some time that city was successful and prosperous, populous and full of people, attained to growth and expansion.\nIn the same way, I saw an ancient path, an ancient route traveled by fully awakened Buddhas in the past."}},{"id":"sn12.65:8","sourceIds":["sn12.65:8.1","sn12.65:8.2","sn12.65:8.3","sn12.65:8.4","sn12.65:8.5","sn12.65:8.6","sn12.65:8.7","sn12.65:8.8","sn12.65:8.9","sn12.65:8.10","sn12.65:8.11","sn12.65:8.12","sn12.65:8.13","sn12.65:8.14","sn12.65:8.15","sn12.65:8.16","sn12.65:8.17","sn12.65:8.18","sn12.65:8.19","sn12.65:8.20","sn12.65:8.21","sn12.65:8.22","sn12.65:8.23","sn12.65:8.24","sn12.65:8.25","sn12.65:8.26"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca so, bhikkhave, purāṇamaggo purāṇañjaso pubbakehi sammāsambuddhehi anuyāto?\nAyameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—\nsammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.\nAyaṁ kho so, bhikkhave, purāṇamaggo purāṇañjaso pubbakehi sammāsambuddhehi anuyāto, tamanugacchiṁ;\ntamanugacchanto jarāmaraṇaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ;\njarāmaraṇasamudayaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ;\njarāmaraṇanirodhaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ;\njarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ.\nTamanugacchiṁ;\ntamanugacchanto jātiṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …pe…\nbhavaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nupādānaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\ntaṇhaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nvedanaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nphassaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nsaḷāyatanaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nnāmarūpaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ …\nviññāṇaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ.\nTamanugacchiṁ;\ntamanugacchanto saṅkhāre abbhaññāsiṁ;\nsaṅkhārasamudayaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ;\nsaṅkhāranirodhaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ;\nsaṅkhāranirodhagāminiṁ paṭipadaṁ abbhaññāsiṁ.\nTadabhiññāya ācikkhiṁ bhikkhūnaṁ bhikkhunīnaṁ upāsakānaṁ upāsikānaṁ.\nTayidaṁ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṁ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṁ bāhujaññaṁ puthubhūtaṁ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitan”ti.\nPañcamaṁ.","en":"And what is that ancient path, the ancient route traveled by fully awakened Buddhas in the past?\nIt is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:\nright view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.\nThis is that ancient path, the ancient route traveled by fully awakened Buddhas in the past.\nFollowing it along, I directly knew old age and death,\ntheir origin,\ntheir cessation,\nand the practice that leads to their cessation.\nFollowing it along, I directly knew rebirth …\ncontinued existence …\ngrasping …\ncraving …\nfeeling …\ncontact …\nthe six sense fields …\nname and form …\nconsciousness …\nFollowing it along, I directly knew choices,\ntheir origin,\ntheir cessation,\nand the practice that leads to their cessation.\nHaving directly known this, I told the monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.\nAnd that’s how this spiritual life has become successful and prosperous, extensive, popular, widespread, and fully revealed among gods and humans.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn12.65/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}