{"id":"sn3.21","title":"Individuals","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn3.21","title":"Individuals","units":[{"id":"sn3.21:0","sourceIds":["sn3.21:0.1","sn3.21:0.2","sn3.21:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 3.21\n3. Tatiyavagga\nPuggalasutta","en":"Linked Discourses 3.21\n3. Kosala\nIndividuals"}},{"id":"sn3.21:1","sourceIds":["sn3.21:1.1","sn3.21:1.2","sn3.21:1.3","sn3.21:1.4","sn3.21:1.5","sn3.21:1.6","sn3.21:1.7","sn3.21:1.8"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sāvatthinidānaṁ.\nAtha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho rājānaṁ pasenadiṁ kosalaṁ bhagavā etadavoca:\n“cattārome, mahārāja puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ.\nKatame cattāro?\nTamotamaparāyano,\ntamojotiparāyano,\njotitamaparāyano,\njotijotiparāyano.","en":"At Sāvatthī.\nThen King Pasenadi of Kosala went up to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to him:\n“Great king, these four individuals are found in the world.\nWhat four?\nThe dark bound for darkness,\nthe dark bound for light,\nthe light bound for darkness,\nand the light bound for light."}},{"id":"sn3.21:2","sourceIds":["sn3.21:2.1","sn3.21:2.2","sn3.21:2.3","sn3.21:2.4","sn3.21:2.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, mahārāja puggalo tamotamaparāyano hoti?\nIdha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati.\nSo ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.\nSo kāyena duccaritaṁ carati, vācāya duccaritaṁ carati, manasā duccaritaṁ carati.\nSo kāyena duccaritaṁ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṁ caritvā manasā duccaritaṁ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjati.","en":"And how is an individual dark and bound for darkness?\nIt’s when an individual is reborn in a low family—a family of corpse-workers, bamboo-workers, hunters, chariot-makers, or scavengers—poor, with little to eat or drink, where life is tough, and food and shelter are hard to find.\nAnd they’re ugly, unsightly, deformed, sickly—one-eyed, crippled, lame, or half-paralyzed. They don’t get to have food, drink, clothes, and vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; or bed, house, and lighting.\nAnd they do bad things by way of body, speech, and mind.\nWhen their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell."}},{"id":"sn3.21:3","sourceIds":["sn3.21:3.1","sn3.21:3.2","sn3.21:3.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso andhakārā vā andhakāraṁ gaccheyya, tamā vā tamaṁ gaccheyya, lohitamalā vā lohitamalaṁ gaccheyya.\nTathūpamāhaṁ, mahārāja, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.\nEvaṁ kho, mahārāja, puggalo tamotamaparāyano hoti.","en":"This individual is like someone who goes from darkness to darkness, from blackness to blackness, from bloodstain to bloodstain.\nThat’s how an individual is dark and bound for darkness."}},{"id":"sn3.21:4","sourceIds":["sn3.21:4.1","sn3.21:4.2","sn3.21:4.3","sn3.21:4.4","sn3.21:4.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo tamojotiparāyano hoti?\nIdha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati.\nSo ca kho hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho, kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.\nSo kāyena sucaritaṁ carati, vācāya sucaritaṁ carati, manasā sucaritaṁ carati.\nSo kāyena sucaritaṁ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṁ caritvā manasā sucaritaṁ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati.","en":"And how is an individual dark and bound for light?\nIt’s when an individual is reborn in a low family—a family of corpse-workers, bamboo-workers, hunters, chariot-makers, or scavengers—poor, with little to eat or drink, where life is tough, and food and shelter are hard to find.\nAnd they’re ugly, unsightly, deformed, sickly—one-eyed, crippled, lame, or half-paralyzed. They don’t get to have food, drink, clothes, and vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; or bed, house, and lighting.\nBut they do good things by way of body, speech, and mind.\nWhen their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm."}},{"id":"sn3.21:5","sourceIds":["sn3.21:5.1","sn3.21:5.2","sn3.21:5.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pathaviyā vā pallaṅkaṁ āroheyya, pallaṅkā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ āroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ āroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā pāsādaṁ āroheyya.\nTathūpamāhaṁ, mahārāja, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.\nEvaṁ kho, mahārāja, puggalo tamojotiparāyano hoti.","en":"This individual is like someone who ascends from the ground to a couch; from a couch to horseback; from horseback to an elephant; and from an elephant to a stilt longhouse.\nThat’s how an individual is dark and bound for light."}},{"id":"sn3.21:6","sourceIds":["sn3.21:6.1","sn3.21:6.2","sn3.21:6.3","sn3.21:6.4","sn3.21:6.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo jotitamaparāyano hoti?\nIdha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti, khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā, aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe.\nSo ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.\nSo kāyena duccaritaṁ carati, vācāya duccaritaṁ carati, manasā duccaritaṁ carati.\nSo kāyena duccaritaṁ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṁ caritvā manasā duccaritaṁ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjati.","en":"And how is an individual light and bound for darkness?\nIt’s when an individual is reborn in an eminent family—a well-to-do family of aristocrats, brahmins, or householders—rich, affluent, and wealthy, with lots of gold and silver, lots of property and assets, and lots of money and grain.\nAnd they’re attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. They get to have food, drink, clothes, and vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting.\nBut they do bad things by way of body, speech, and mind.\nWhen their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell."}},{"id":"sn3.21:7","sourceIds":["sn3.21:7.1","sn3.21:7.2","sn3.21:7.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pāsādā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ oroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ oroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā pallaṅkaṁ oroheyya, pallaṅkā vā pathaviṁ oroheyya, pathaviyā vā andhakāraṁ paviseyya.\nTathūpamāhaṁ, mahārāja, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.\nEvaṁ kho, mahārāja, puggalo jotitamaparāyano hoti.","en":"This individual is like someone who descends from a stilt longhouse to an elephant; from an elephant to horseback; from horseback to a couch; and from a couch to the ground; and from the ground they enter darkness.\nThat’s how an individual is light and bound for darkness."}},{"id":"sn3.21:8","sourceIds":["sn3.21:8.1","sn3.21:8.2","sn3.21:8.3","sn3.21:8.4","sn3.21:8.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo jotijotiparāyano hoti?\nIdha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti, khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā, aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe.\nSo ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.\nSo kāyena sucaritaṁ carati, vācāya sucaritaṁ carati, manasā sucaritaṁ carati.\nSo kāyena sucaritaṁ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṁ caritvā manasā sucaritaṁ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati.","en":"And how is an individual light and bound for light?\nIt’s when an individual is reborn in an eminent family—a well-to-do family of aristocrats, brahmins, or householders—rich, affluent, and wealthy, with lots of gold and silver, lots of property and assets, and lots of money and grain.\nAnd they’re attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. They get to have food, drink, clothes, and vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting.\nAnd they do good things by way of body, speech, and mind.\nWhen their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm."}},{"id":"sn3.21:9","sourceIds":["sn3.21:9.1","sn3.21:9.2","sn3.21:9.3","sn3.21:9.4","sn3.21:9.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pallaṅkā vā pallaṅkaṁ saṅkameyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā assapiṭṭhiṁ saṅkameyya, hatthikkhandhā vā hatthikkhandhaṁ saṅkameyya, pāsādā vā pāsādaṁ saṅkameyya.\nTathūpamāhaṁ, mahārāja, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi.\nEvaṁ kho, mahārāja, puggalo jotijotiparāyano hoti.\nIme kho, mahārāja, cattāro puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.\nIdamavoca …pe…","en":"This individual is like someone who shifts from one couch to another; from the back of one horse to another; from one elephant to another; or from one stilt longhouse to another.\nThat’s how an individual is light and bound for light.\nThese are the four individuals found in the world.”\nThat is what the Buddha said. …"}},{"id":"sn3.21:10","sourceIds":["sn3.21:10.1","sn3.21:10.2","sn3.21:10.3","sn3.21:10.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Daliddo puriso rāja,\nassaddho hoti maccharī;\nKadariyo pāpasaṅkappo,\nmicchādiṭṭhi anādaro.","en":"“O King, some people are poor,\nfaithless and stingy.\nMiserly, with bad intentions,\nthey lack regard, they have wrong view."}},{"id":"sn3.21:11","sourceIds":["sn3.21:11.1","sn3.21:11.2","sn3.21:11.3","sn3.21:11.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi,\naññe vāpi vanibbake;\nAkkosati paribhāsati,\nnatthiko hoti rosako.","en":"They abuse and insult\nascetics and brahmins\nand other supplicants.\nThey’re nihilists and bullies,"}},{"id":"sn3.21:12","sourceIds":["sn3.21:12.1","sn3.21:12.2","sn3.21:12.3","sn3.21:12.4","sn3.21:12.5","sn3.21:12.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dadamānaṁ nivāreti,\nyācamānāna bhojanaṁ;\nTādiso puriso rāja,\nmīyamāno janādhipa;\nUpeti nirayaṁ ghoraṁ,\ntamotamaparāyano.","en":"who prevent others from giving\nfood to beggars.\nO King, ruler of the people:\nwhen such people die\nthey fall into the terrible hell—\nfrom darkness they’re bound for darkness."}},{"id":"sn3.21:13","sourceIds":["sn3.21:13.1","sn3.21:13.2","sn3.21:13.3","sn3.21:13.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Daliddo puriso rāja,\nsaddho hoti amaccharī;\nDadāti seṭṭhasaṅkappo,\nabyaggamanaso naro.","en":"O King, some people are poor,\nbut faithful and not stingy.\nThey give with best of intentions,\nthat peaceful-hearted person."}},{"id":"sn3.21:14","sourceIds":["sn3.21:14.1","sn3.21:14.2","sn3.21:14.3","sn3.21:14.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi,\naññe vāpi vanibbake;\nUṭṭhāya abhivādeti,\nsamacariyāya sikkhati.","en":"They rise for and bow to\nascetics and brahmins\nand other supplicants.\nTraining in moral conduct,"}},{"id":"sn3.21:15","sourceIds":["sn3.21:15.1","sn3.21:15.2","sn3.21:15.3","sn3.21:15.4","sn3.21:15.5","sn3.21:15.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dadamānaṁ na vāreti,\nyācamānāna bhojanaṁ;\nTādiso puriso rāja,\nmīyamāno janādhipa;\nUpeti tidivaṁ ṭhānaṁ,\ntamojotiparāyano.","en":"they don’t prevent others from giving\nfood to beggars.\nO King, ruler of the people:\nwhen such people die\nthey go to the Third Heaven—\nfrom darkness they’re bound for light."}},{"id":"sn3.21:16","sourceIds":["sn3.21:16.1","sn3.21:16.2","sn3.21:16.3","sn3.21:16.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Aḍḍho ce puriso rāja,\nassaddho hoti maccharī;\nKadariyo pāpasaṅkappo,\nmicchādiṭṭhi anādaro.","en":"O King, some people are rich,\nbut faithless and stingy.\nMiserly, with bad intentions,\nthey lack regard, they have wrong view."}},{"id":"sn3.21:17","sourceIds":["sn3.21:17.1","sn3.21:17.2","sn3.21:17.3","sn3.21:17.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi,\naññe vāpi vanibbake;\nAkkosati paribhāsati,\nnatthiko hoti rosako.","en":"They abuse and insult\nascetics and brahmins\nand other supplicants\nThey’re nihilists and bullies,"}},{"id":"sn3.21:18","sourceIds":["sn3.21:18.1","sn3.21:18.2","sn3.21:18.3","sn3.21:18.4","sn3.21:18.5","sn3.21:18.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dadamānaṁ nivāreti,\nyācamānāna bhojanaṁ;\nTādiso puriso rāja,\nmīyamāno janādhipa;\nUpeti nirayaṁ ghoraṁ,\njotitamaparāyano.","en":"who prevent others from giving\nfood to beggars.\nO King, ruler of the people:\nwhen such people die\nthey fall into the terrible hell—\nfrom light they’re bound for darkness."}},{"id":"sn3.21:19","sourceIds":["sn3.21:19.1","sn3.21:19.2","sn3.21:19.3","sn3.21:19.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Aḍḍho ce puriso rāja,\nsaddho hoti amaccharī;\nDadāti seṭṭhasaṅkappo,\nabyaggamanaso naro.","en":"O King, some people are rich,\nfaithful and not stingy.\nThey give with best of intentions,\nthat peaceful-hearted person."}},{"id":"sn3.21:20","sourceIds":["sn3.21:20.1","sn3.21:20.2","sn3.21:20.3","sn3.21:20.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi,\naññe vāpi vanibbake;\nUṭṭhāya abhivādeti,\nsamacariyāya sikkhati.","en":"They rise for and bow to\nascetics and brahmins\nand other supplicants.\nTraining in moral conduct,"}},{"id":"sn3.21:21","sourceIds":["sn3.21:21.1","sn3.21:21.2","sn3.21:21.3","sn3.21:21.4","sn3.21:21.5","sn3.21:21.6"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Dadamānaṁ na vāreti,\nyācamānāna bhojanaṁ;\nTādiso puriso rāja,\nmīyamāno janādhipa;\nUpeti tidivaṁ ṭhānaṁ,\njotijotiparāyano”ti.","en":"they don’t prevent others from giving\nfood to beggars.\nO King, ruler of the people:\nwhen such people die\nthey go to the Third Heaven—\nfrom light they’re bound for light.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn3.21/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}