{"id":"sn51.20","title":"Analysis","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn51.20","title":"Analysis","units":[{"id":"sn51.20:0","sourceIds":["sn51.20:0.1","sn51.20:0.2","sn51.20:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 51.20\n2. Pāsādakampanavagga\nVibhaṅgasutta","en":"Linked Discourses 51.20\n2. Shaking the Stilt Longhouse\nAnalysis"}},{"id":"sn51.20:1","sourceIds":["sn51.20:1.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"“Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā”.","en":"“Mendicants, when the four bases of psychic power are developed and cultivated they’re very fruitful and beneficial."}},{"id":"sn51.20:2","sourceIds":["sn51.20:2.1","sn51.20:2.2","sn51.20:2.3","sn51.20:2.4","sn51.20:2.5","sn51.20:2.6","sn51.20:2.7","sn51.20:2.8","sn51.20:2.9","sn51.20:2.10","sn51.20:2.11","sn51.20:2.12","sn51.20:2.13","sn51.20:2.14","sn51.20:2.15","sn51.20:2.16","sn51.20:2.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.\nVīriyasamādhi …pe…\ncittasamādhi …\nvīmaṁsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me vīmaṁsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.","en":"How so?\nIt’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort.\nThey think: ‘My enthusiasm won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’\nAnd they meditate perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before;\nas below, so above; as above, so below;\nas by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.\nAnd so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.\nThey develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy …\nmental development …\ninquiry, and active effort.\nThey think: ‘My inquiry won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’\nAnd they meditate perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before;\nas below, so above; as above, so below;\nas by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.\nAnd so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance."}},{"id":"sn51.20:3","sourceIds":["sn51.20:3.1","sn51.20:3.2","sn51.20:3.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atilīno chando?\nYo, bhikkhave, chando kosajjasahagato kosajjasampayutto—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīno chando.","en":"And what is enthusiasm that’s too lax?\nIt’s when enthusiasm is coupled with laziness.\nThis is called lax enthusiasm."}},{"id":"sn51.20:4","sourceIds":["sn51.20:4.1","sn51.20:4.2","sn51.20:4.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando?\nYo, bhikkhave, chando uddhaccasahagato uddhaccasampayutto—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando.","en":"And what is enthusiasm that’s too tense?\nIt’s when enthusiasm is coupled with restlessness.\nThis is called tense enthusiasm."}},{"id":"sn51.20:5","sourceIds":["sn51.20:5.1","sn51.20:5.2","sn51.20:5.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando?\nYo, bhikkhave, chando thinamiddhasahagato thinamiddhasampayutto—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando.","en":"And what is enthusiasm that’s constricted internally?\nIt’s when enthusiasm is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.\nThis is called enthusiasm constricted internally."}},{"id":"sn51.20:6","sourceIds":["sn51.20:6.1","sn51.20:6.2","sn51.20:6.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando?\nYo, bhikkhave, chando bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhitto anuvisaṭo—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando.","en":"And what is enthusiasm that’s scattered externally?\nIt’s when enthusiasm is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.\nThis is called enthusiasm scattered externally."}},{"id":"sn51.20:7","sourceIds":["sn51.20:7.1","sn51.20:7.2","sn51.20:7.3","sn51.20:7.4","sn51.20:7.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchāpuresaññā suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā suppaṭividdhā paññāya.\nEvaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure.","en":"And how does a mendicant meditate perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before?\nIt’s when the perception of before and behind is properly grasped, focused on, borne in mind, and penetrated with wisdom by a mendicant.\nThat’s how a mendicant meditates perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before."}},{"id":"sn51.20:8","sourceIds":["sn51.20:8.1","sn51.20:8.2","sn51.20:8.3","sn51.20:8.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati:\n‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.\nEvaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati.","en":"And how does a mendicant meditate as below, so above; as above, so below?\nIt’s when a mendicant examines their own body up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth.\n‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’\nThat’s how a mendicant meditates as below, so above; as above, so below."}},{"id":"sn51.20:9","sourceIds":["sn51.20:9.1","sn51.20:9.2","sn51.20:9.3","sn51.20:9.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti;\nyehi vā pana ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti.\nEvaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati.","en":"And how does a mendicant meditate as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day?\nIt’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort, with the same features, attributes, and signs by day as by night.\nAnd they develop it with the same features, attributes, and signs by night as by day.\nThat’s how a mendicant meditates as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day."}},{"id":"sn51.20:10","sourceIds":["sn51.20:10.1","sn51.20:10.2","sn51.20:10.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā.\nEvaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.","en":"And how, with an open and unenveloped heart, does a mendicant develop a mind that’s full of radiance?\nIt’s when a mendicant has properly grasped the perception of light, and has properly grasped the perception of day.\nThat’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance."}},{"id":"sn51.20:11","sourceIds":["sn51.20:11.1","sn51.20:11.2","sn51.20:11.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ.","en":"And what is energy that’s too lax? …"}},{"id":"sn51.20:12","sourceIds":["sn51.20:12.1","sn51.20:12.2","sn51.20:12.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṁ vīriyaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ uddhaccasahagataṁ uddhaccasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṁ vīriyaṁ."}},{"id":"sn51.20:13","sourceIds":["sn51.20:13.1","sn51.20:13.2","sn51.20:13.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ vīriyaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ thinamiddhasahagataṁ thinamiddhasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ vīriyaṁ."}},{"id":"sn51.20:14","sourceIds":["sn51.20:14.1","sn51.20:14.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ vīriyaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittaṁ anuvisaṭaṁ—idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ vīriyaṁ …pe…."}},{"id":"sn51.20:15","sourceIds":["sn51.20:15.1","sn51.20:15.2","sn51.20:15.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti?\nIdha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā.\nEvaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti."}},{"id":"sn51.20:16","sourceIds":["sn51.20:16.1","sn51.20:16.2","sn51.20:16.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ.","en":"And what is mental development that’s too lax? …"}},{"id":"sn51.20:17","sourceIds":["sn51.20:17.1","sn51.20:17.2","sn51.20:17.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṁ cittaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ uddhaccasahagataṁ uddhaccasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṁ cittaṁ."}},{"id":"sn51.20:18","sourceIds":["sn51.20:18.1","sn51.20:18.2","sn51.20:18.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ cittaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ thinamiddhasahagataṁ thinamiddhasampayuttaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ cittaṁ."}},{"id":"sn51.20:19","sourceIds":["sn51.20:19.1","sn51.20:19.2","sn51.20:19.3","sn51.20:19.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamañca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ cittaṁ?\nYaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittaṁ anuvisaṭaṁ—\nidaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ cittaṁ …pe…\nevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti."}},{"id":"sn51.20:20","sourceIds":["sn51.20:20.1","sn51.20:20.2","sn51.20:20.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā?\nYā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā kosajjasahagatā kosajjasampayuttā—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā.","en":"And what is inquiry that’s too lax?\nIt’s when inquiry is coupled with laziness.\nThis is called lax inquiry."}},{"id":"sn51.20:21","sourceIds":["sn51.20:21.1","sn51.20:21.2","sn51.20:21.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā?\nYā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā uddhaccasahagatā uddhaccasampayuttā—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā.","en":"And what is inquiry that’s too tense?\nIt’s when inquiry is coupled with restlessness.\nThis is called tense inquiry."}},{"id":"sn51.20:22","sourceIds":["sn51.20:22.1","sn51.20:22.2","sn51.20:22.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā?\nYā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā thinamiddhasahagatā thinamiddhasampayuttā—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā.","en":"And what is inquiry that’s constricted internally?\nIt’s when inquiry is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.\nThis is called inquiry constricted internally."}},{"id":"sn51.20:23","sourceIds":["sn51.20:23.1","sn51.20:23.2","sn51.20:23.3","sn51.20:23.4","sn51.20:23.5"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Katamā ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā?\nYā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittā anuvisaṭā—\nayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā …pe…\nevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.\nEvaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā evaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā.","en":"And what is inquiry that’s scattered externally?\nIt’s when inquiry is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.\nThis is called inquiry scattered externally. …\nThat’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance.\nWhen the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way they’re very fruitful and beneficial."}},{"id":"sn51.20:24","sourceIds":["sn51.20:24.1","sn51.20:24.2","sn51.20:24.3","sn51.20:24.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti—ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti.\nEvaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.\nDasamaṁ.\nPāsādakampanavaggo dutiyo.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, a mendicant wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity. …\nWhen the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.”"}},{"id":"sn51.20:25","sourceIds":["sn51.20:25.0","sn51.20:25.1","sn51.20:25.2","sn51.20:25.3","sn51.20:25.4"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Tassuddānaṁ\nPubbaṁ mahapphalaṁ chandaṁ,\nMoggallānañca uṇṇābhaṁ;\nDve samaṇabrāhmaṇā bhikkhu,\nDesanā vibhaṅgena cāti."}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn51.20/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}