{
  "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai",
  "languageCodes": [
    "en"
  ],
  "languageNotes": {
    "en": "editorial commentary · sources credited"
  },
  "chapters": [
    {
      "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai",
      "title": "Reading Dhamma in an age of AI",
      "units": [
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-1",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "A fluent answer can still contain a false quotation. A convincing Sanskrit line can still be invented. When AI helps with Buddhist publication, the important question is not whether the result sounds serene. It is whether the source exists, whether the rights permit its use, and whether a competent reader can check the meaning."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-2",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "Two 2026 papers provide different perspectives. Fangyan Miao proposes a compassion-centred approach to human–robot interaction, using Guanyin as an ethical exemplar. Jian-Nor Shih applies a Consciousness-Only framework to how people project characteristics onto AI companions. These are conceptual arguments. They do not establish that a model has realised compassion, possesses awakening or should replace a teacher."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-3",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "For a Dhamma library, useful tasks include finding candidate sources, arranging verified text, identifying missing metadata and drafting questions for reviewers. The same system should not be allowed to invent a missing ancient witness and then certify its own invention. A source gap is information. Filling it with convincing language destroys that information."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-4",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "The Kālāma discourse is sometimes turned into permission to believe whatever feels right. Its argument is more demanding: examine qualities and consequences, including how greed, hatred and delusion affect conduct. In this setting, a practical application is to test a claim against a source and ask what happens if people act on it. That does not mean a short personal experiment can settle every historical or philological question."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-5",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "A reader can use a simple chain of checks. Find the quotation in a named edition. Check the translator and the surrounding passage. Notice whether an introduction is being mistaken for scripture. If two language columns differ, do not assume the unfamiliar one must confirm the familiar one. Ask whether the columns represent the same recension, a different witness, or an editor’s new rendering."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-6",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "A publication should give readers enough information to check its claims: attributable sources, faithful quotations, correction records and the review status of new translations. The source readers linked here let you examine the basis of each explanation."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-7",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "For practice, take one attractive quotation from social media. Search for the exact wording, then for its claimed discourse. If you cannot locate it, describe it as an unattributed saying rather than putting quotation marks around the Buddha’s name. Resisting a beautiful false attribution is a small act of right speech."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-8",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "Technology can make a library easier to reach. It cannot remove the need for humility about what has actually been established."
          },
          "links": [
            {
              "text": "Miao, Fangyan (2026). The anthropomorphization of AI and the concept of Buddhist compassion in human-machine interaction. Frontiers in Psychology 16:1583565. Published 14 January 2026; volume labelled 2025.",
              "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583565"
            },
            {
              "text": "Shih, Jian-Nor (2026). The imaginary nature of human-AI relationships: a perspective integrating Buddhist psychology and the psychology of anthropomorphism. Frontiers in Psychology 17:1904676. Published 24 August 2026.",
              "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1904676"
            },
            {
              "text": "AN3.65 · complete reading",
              "url": "/texts/an3.65/sc-2026-09-23"
            },
            {
              "text": "MN58 · complete reading",
              "url": "/texts/mn58/sc-2026-09-23"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources",
      "title": "Sources and editorial note",
      "units": [
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources-1",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "Editorial commentary and source notes. Independent scholarly or Sangha review has not been completed."
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources-2",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "Miao, Fangyan (2026). The anthropomorphization of AI and the concept of Buddhist compassion in human-machine interaction. Frontiers in Psychology 16:1583565. Published 14 January 2026; volume labelled 2025.: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583565"
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources-3",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "Shih, Jian-Nor (2026). The imaginary nature of human-AI relationships: a perspective integrating Buddhist psychology and the psychology of anthropomorphism. Frontiers in Psychology 17:1904676. Published 24 August 2026.: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1904676"
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources-4",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "AN3.65 · complete reading: /texts/an3.65/sc-2026-09-23"
          },
          "links": []
        },
        {
          "id": "buddhist-reading-in-an-age-of-ai-sources-5",
          "kind": "text",
          "text": {
            "en": "MN58 · complete reading: /texts/mn58/sc-2026-09-23"
          },
          "links": [
            {
              "text": "Miao, Fangyan (2026). The anthropomorphization of AI and the concept of Buddhist compassion in human-machine interaction. Frontiers in Psychology 16:1583565. Published 14 January 2026; volume labelled 2025.",
              "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583565"
            },
            {
              "text": "Shih, Jian-Nor (2026). The imaginary nature of human-AI relationships: a perspective integrating Buddhist psychology and the psychology of anthropomorphism. Frontiers in Psychology 17:1904676. Published 24 August 2026.",
              "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1904676"
            },
            {
              "text": "AN3.65 · complete reading",
              "url": "/texts/an3.65/sc-2026-09-23"
            },
            {
              "text": "MN58 · complete reading",
              "url": "/texts/mn58/sc-2026-09-23"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}