Suttas / sūtras · 2026
Lotus Sūtra · 妙法蓮華經
姚秦 鳩摩羅什譯
Complete main text of the identified Chinese source edition, with its prefatory material. Original XML retains the full critical apparatus. Optional tone-marked pinyin is a generated reading aid.
Edition details
Sources & credits
Complete supplied text reflowed into semantic paragraphs. Source wording and credits retained; layout and navigation changed. Original edition links remain available.
CBETA Foundation electronic edition; Taishō source. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), with CBETA usage notice and source header retained. Noncommercial only. This reflow and pinyin addition are distributed on the same terms; TRBS branding is excluded.
- Text and translation: 姚秦 鳩摩羅什譯: CBETA Foundation electronic edition; Taishō source. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), with CBETA usage notice and source header retained. Noncommercial only. This reflow and pinyin addition are distributed on the same terms; TRBS branding is excluded.
- TRBS branding: Ti-Ratana Buddhist Society: Branding is separate from the open text licence.
File integrity & release history
SHA-256: 7bec9ab2bb934781ed5bc9e8db98d09baf3a658018e6b16f8f2759a9041c3565
Current edition: 2026-10-12.1. Source revision: c8975bef9da3bbe0faec9d47ab3f2efb8147fb530d5c17f130045a336c5df017.
- Added reading layers and explicit language coverage. Original source preserved; new translations labelled as study drafts. Restored omitted TEI lists where present.
- Updated reader fonts, reviewed source-line mappings and exact language coverage. Added original English/Malay Medicine Buddha and Usnisa Vijaya study translations, with phonetic blocks identified. Repaired leaked CBETA glyph metadata from retained XML.
Related reading
A Life Held in Care: Buddhist Rites from Birth to Remembrance
The Open Door: The Buddha’s Life in Verse
The Buddha’s Life and Path: A Continuous Narrative with Prayers and Recitations